Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Analysis - Case Study Example One of the few complaints that have become too regular in the operations of Fresh Direct is the customer claim that products are not sufficiently fresh upon delivery. Online grocery services are still an extremely small market sector in comparison to the massive physical stores that dominate the industry (Hand et al., 2009), so it is vital that Fresh Direct address every possible weakness with the appropriate correction measures. The business obtains, stores, sorts, and delivers items through a detailed process that has been extensively researched to minimize the time until delivery and to keep appropriate products refrigerated as needed. Accordingly, it is possible that the actual freshness is not the problem. Instead, customer perspectives may be biased because they cannot actually touch and physically examine their food prior to purchase, as many shoppers are accustomed to do (Cho, 2011). Fresh Direct can provide daily updates from factory employees that describes the items in the physical terms that shoppers would normally check in person. This addition to the website may ease consumer concern about receiving products that are not sufficiently

In no more than 2,000 words, you are required to give a detailed Essay

In no more than 2,000 words, you are required to give a detailed account of the legal arguments you would put forward for the discharge of Edna Elliot by the MH - Essay Example Every adult is presumed to deserve the sufficient capacity of understanding the decisions made by him and consequences of any action (Sumond, 2005, p.45). "Mental capacity is the term used to describe a cluster of mental skills that people use in their day to day lives in making decisions" (Capacity and Consent, p.1) Speaking in easier terms, mental capacity means the ability of an individual to make a decision about specific elements of their life" (Crawley & Williams, 2007, p.3). Actually, the concept is not a unanimous as it differs in varied context. "Consent is the voluntary or unconditional permission of a person to a given dealing" (Crawley & Williams, 2007, p.3). This relates to the free-will of an individual about a particular matter and corresponds to the psychoanalytical explanation. Permission or decision obtained through force, fraud or intimidation is not considered as consent. As per the provision of Mental Health Act, 1983 consent indicates a voluntary or unconditiona l willingness of a person for the commission of a particular act which is within the knowledge of the said person. If a certain adult suffers from mental incapacity, effort should be taken so that the best interests of the individual can be sustained. House of Lords has defined 'best interest' as: "[n]ecessary to save life or prevent a deterioration or ensure an improvement in the patient's physical or mental health; and in accordance with a practice accepted at the time by a responsible body of medical opinion skilled in the particular form of treatment in question" (Capacity and Consent, p.4). Mental incapacity is equally applicable to persons of all ages including the children. The Children's Commissioner for England ('the Children's Commissioner') was established under by the Children Act 2004. This body is invested with the responsibilities of promoting and protecting the interests of Children. Clause 24 of Mental Health Act 1983 has made some changes regarding the children und er the age of 18. The amendment states that "children with mental health problems would receive assessment, treatment and care from child and adolescent mental health specialists and where in-patient care is needed, are placed in age appropriate settings" (Children's Commissioner. n.d., p.3). 3. Legislation Regarding Mental Health There are several enactments governing the mental health in the country. The most prominent amongst these instruments is The Mental Health act, 1983. Other enactments are Mental Incapacity act, 2005, Court protection rules 1994. For the convenience and proper understanding over the topic, it is required to have a careful and through analysis over those relevant legislations. 3.1. The Mental Health Act 1983 The Mental Health Act 1983 sets out the law on assessing and/or treating a mentally disordered patient under compulsion. The legislative provisions concerning the mental incapacities and their treatment as inserted in The Mental Health

Food Nutrition History

Food Nutrition History The history of food and nutrition dates back as far as the beginning of recorded history. In the era of hunters and gathers, people knew that they had to eat in order to survive. The teachings and techniques that were used to obtain food at that time came from trial and error. It was up to the people to figure out which foods were suitable and which could possibly cause illness or even death. The importance of food, specific dietary patterns and disease prevention were observed in the Indian Ayurvedic tradition, dating back to 2500 BCE (1). Looking beyond the medieval era, western science and medicine developed ways of thinking about food and health between 600 BCE and 300 CE (1). Societies throughout each era have looked at diet and nutrition as a means of healthy living and survival. Through the Renaissance and up to the eighteenth century, teaching noted that diet and nutrition were an integral part of having a fulfilled life (1). Many documents from ancient and historical times have evidence that inventions for food processing were becoming existent and new foods were being discovered. In this time, food was mostly produced and consumed entirely within the local area. A familys nourishment was provided by the food that was grown and prepared within the family and exchanged with nearby neighbors. Cooking and preservation techniques at this time were not necessarily safe but were evolving. During the industrial revolution, the introduction of railroads and wagon roads made the transfer of goods possible at greater distances. This shift began to affect the foods that people had access to and what they ate (2). The science of nutrition began to emerge in the early to mid nineteenth century. During this time, both Europe and the US were influenced by their governments to increase the yield of food from plant crops and animal herds (1). Food production held a very important role in nourishing the soldiers who were fighting in the war. Safe food was soon found to be the key for survival of troops, especially those who had been wounded and needed proper nourishment to fight illness and infection. Dietetics as a profession can be linked back to the evolution of home economics (3). The early evolution of food and nutrition science was explored to feed soldiers in battle and to also to provide necessary nutrition to those who were preparing to become young soldiers. Nutrition and appropriate food choices were demonstrated to young families to ensure healthy individuals. World War I brought food shortages. Those who were knowledgeable in dietetics encouraged others to plant gardens and learn how to develop recipes for home and hospital use. Both world wars observed the creation of dietetics as a profession (3). Many important people deserve credit in the history of Dietetics. Far more than five people contributed to its development. Dietetics is largely applied by the use of chemistry, it is necessary to recognize Antoine Lavoisier, who is known as the Father of Chemistry. Lavoisier was born into an upper class, Paris family in 1743. He was able to obtain a law degree at the College Mazarin, though he never practiced law. He had more interest in mathematics and science and gained membership into the Academy of Sciences at the age of 25 (4). Lavoisier had many contributions, to include the assistance in establishing the metric system, to naming 33 elements of periodic table. He died at the age of 51 from literally loosing his head, as he was found guilty of conspiracy against the people of France. Wilbur Olin Atwater, an American chemist, was born May 3, 1844 in Johnsburg, New York. Atwater is known for his studies in human nutrition and metabolism. He pursued an undergraduate degree at Wesleyan University in Connecticut and later went on to obtain his PhD from Yale Universitys Sheffield Scientific School in agricultural chemistry (5). Atwater invented a device called the respiration calorimeter that measured human metabolism balance by analyzing the heat produced and metabolic rate by a person performing certain activities. This new invention aided many new studies in dietary evolution and food analysis (1, 2, 5). Energy and protein sources were studied and measured to determine that certain foods provide different amounts of nutrients and energy than other. The fat, protein, and carbohydrates of all different kinds of foods were observed and soon there was an awareness of the food calorie. Atwater continued to lead research teams on discovering nutrient requirements, food composition and consumption, and consumer economics (6). Throughout his discoveries, Atwater determined that Americans eat more unhealthful foods than desired and do not exercise enough. Florence Nightingale, born 1820 in Tuscany into an upper class family, need be mentioned as a contributor to Dietetics as she was the one who acknowledged the need for safe and nutritious food for soldiers during the Crimean War (7). She was actually a pioneer nurse in her time and was determined to improve the living conditions at the camp hospitals and made and effort to clean and organize facilities where patients were cared for. Her contributions helped spread awareness of the necessity for clean, safe, and nutritious foods. There is a long history of health and nutrition and the involvement and contribution of many people and their discoveries has made great progress. Most of the progress has been made in the last 100 years, as new technologies have been a great asset to nutritional health and implementation. Scientific advances, social and economic factors, and military conflicts are contributors to the advancement of the dietetic profession as well. The most important contribution would have to be the determination and dedication by early dietitians who knew that there was a difference to be made and that they were the ones who would be able to make that difference. The understanding and importance of good eating habits was not common not known to most of society, or perhaps just not understood. Scientific experiments were documented and scholarly journals written, but they were for almost impossible to understand by anyone who was not in the dietetic profession. Alice Blood was the one who would be able to put all of the difficult works into something that could be understood by large public audience. She translated science-based nutrition information into easy-to-read pamphlets in an effort to educate people on good nutrition. Alice Blood obtained a bachelors degree from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a PHD in biochemistry from Yale. She also held the title of director at the School of Household Economics at Simmons College in Massachusetts (8). Many changes came about in 1917 for the dietetics profession and many women contributed to these changes. A new organization, the American Dietetic Association [ADA], was born in the fall of 1917 when more than 100 women organized a meeting in Cleveland to discuss multiple issues within dietetics. Lulu Graves, a dietician in Cleveland, held a strong position that dietitians play an important role of the medical team and that when nutrition services are offered to patients, money is saved (8). This is a time when dietitians had the primary role of feeding the wounded and sick in hospitals. The doctors were the ones who could prescribe special diets for treatments and dietitians were like the physicians assistants. At this point, doctors were primarily male and all dietitians were female. Only three states allowed women to vote and women were not allowed to travel unaccompanied by a man (8). Graves stressed the importance of scientific training for dietitians and knew that the future of dietetics would be assured. Lulu Graves was elected the first president of the ADA (9). At the first meeting, many issues were discussed especially concerning food conservation and global food needs. This was an important for the Association to come together, as World War I was still in mission. The annual meeting to follow had greater attendance and included more states involvement. By the sixth annual meeting, which was held in Indianapolis in 1923, insulin was presented as the new treatment for diabetes (9). Insulin was discovered and isolated at the University of Toronto in 1921-1922 by Dr. Frederick Banting (10). Insulin is a hormone that is produced in the pancreas and is necessary to keep glucose levels in the blood at a safe and functional level. This was a major event in dietetic history, as the diagnosis and treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes continues to be at high demand. Food technology was on the rise going into the 1930s. Refrigerators, toasters, canned goods, frozen vegetables, sliced bread and many other developments were introduced. These new preparation and storage methods provided more convenience for keeping food on hand. Obesity became a health concern, which was the topic of discussion towards the end of the 30s. Soon to follow would be the opening of the first McDonalds and Dairy Queen in the early 1940s (9). If what was known then about the negative health affects Americans would experience from frequenting fast food chains, one has to wonder if there would be any earlier changes in the way food is processed and produced for these places. Martha Lewis Nelson was a pioneer in exploring total education of dietitians (8). The original dietetic program was a four-year course at a University with a major in food and nutrition, with a six-month dietetic internship. In 1942, Lewis was the director of Medical Dietetics at Ohio State University and she redesigned the internship program, making it possible to earn a Master of Science degree along with the internship (8). Many institutions today use this curriculum to develop education programs for dietetics. In 1966, nutrition and diet therapy services were included in comprehensive medical care programs. Clare Forbes, a Massachusetts delegate to the ADAs House of Delegates, was the force behind this movement (8). Forbes is credited for developing future state legislative programs and guiding the development of the ADAs mission statement (8). Twenty-six years ago, in 1982, the ADAs capacity to reach the public on food nutrition, and health concerns was forever changed. A new resource center, National Canter for Nutrition and Dietetics, was funded through a capital fund program (9). National Nutrition Month is one of the outreach programs that are very active today. The purpose of National Nutrition Month is to help make people aware of necessity of a healthy lifestyle and diet. Many more factors go into health other than just what a person eats. Diet and exercise go hand in hand. If it were not for the good old girls Alice Blood, Lulu Graves, Martha Lewis Nelson, and Claire Forbes, the American Dietetic Association may not exist today. It is up to those in the profession to get the message out to the public about good health and nutrition so that money and lives can be saved in the long run. Over the past 20 years, many new diet fads have been introduced. Some of these diets have proven to be effective and safe while others are effective and unsafe. Most often the results are temporary, as the people get bored with the same food or routine and then end up failing. Reading nutrition labels and ingredient lists on foods has become more popular in the past couple of years, as people now have a better idea of what they are looking for. There are multiple commercials, newspaper articles, and health magazines that give health alerts to new findings in the food that people eat. With all of the sources in which nutrition facts and health information can be found, Americans are far more educated now than they ever have been before. The image is to get into shape and live healthier lifestyles. The advancements in medical technology have expanded the role of the dietetic professional on so many levels. Special diets, mechanically altered foods, and diagnosis of new disease conditions have forced nutritional professionals to test and experiment with new ways of feeding patients and ensuring that they are receiving appropriate nutrition. References Cannon G. The rise and fall of dietetics and of nutrition science, 4000 BCE-2000 CE. Public Health Nutrition. 2005;8(6A):701-705. Roth D. Americas fascination with nutrition. Available at: http://www.ers. usda.gov/publications/foodreview/jan2000/frjan2000f.pdf. Accessed February 25, 2008. History of Home Economics at Ryerson. Ryerson University Web site Available at: http://www.ryerson.ca/~foodnut/alumni/history_he.html. Accessed February 4, 2008. Antoine Lavoisier. Available at: http://mattson.creighton.edu/History_ Gas_Chemistry/Lavoisier.html. Accessed February 25, 2008. Wilbur Olin Atwater. Wikipedia online. Available at: http://en.wikipedia. Org/wiki/Wilbur_Olin_Atwater. Accessed February 25, 2008. Welsh S. Atwater to the Present: Evolution of Nutrition Education. Journal of Nutrition [serial online]. September 1994;124:1799S-1807S. Available from: Academic Search Premier, Ipwich, MA. Accessed February 25, 2008. Florence Nightingale. Wikipedia online. Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/ Wiki/Florence_Nightingale. Accessed February 24, 2008. Fitz P. Presidents page about 80 years ago. J Am Diet Assoc. 2003;98(3):264. Petrillo T. Live the ADA legacy-annually. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002;102(8):1046 -1050. 10. The Discovery of Insulin-The history of diabetes treatment. About.com Web site. http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bldiabetes.htm. Accessed February 22, 2008.

Essay --

Teenage pregnancy is defined as a teenage girl, usually within the ages of 13-19, becoming pregnant. The term in everyday speech usually refers to girls who have not reached legal adulthood, which varies across the world, who become pregnant. (UNICEF July 2008). â€Å"We all know that teenage pregnancy is a blur on the vision of Antigua & Barbuda because it impedes the progression and the development of our people.† (Athill youth Director).When a young girl becomes pregnant it mars her chances of success. It is a multifaceted problem and there is no one reason why a teen may become pregnant, we know that there are cultural influences and home support for inappropriate behaviour,† the youth director added. The non-completion of school by many young people is a serious concern for our educational and economic system. By leaving school before graduation, many dropouts have considerable educational deficiencies that limit their financial and social well-being throughout their adult lives. In more than two decades ago, there has been an increasing number of teenage pregnancies globally, refle...

The Importance And Advantages Of Oleochemical Industry Environmental Sciences Essay

Oleochemicals which is the chemical merchandise that infusion from works or carnal oil. The formation of oleochemical are from fatty acids, fatty intoxicant, methyl esters and glycerol. In Malaysia, oleochemical started from early 1980 ‘s. The Malayan Oleochemical Manufactures Group ( MOMG ) was established in January 1984 when the industry attracted more manufacturer. MOMG uses the renewable natural natural stuff such as palm oil, coconut oil and thenar meats oil which are environment friendly. Due to the planetary heating and depleting of fossil fuel, biodiesel will be the following great potency as a cost-efficient feedback for fossil fuel. Palm oil or other vegetable oil can be used to make biodiesel for internal burning engines. After assorted with petro Diesel, biodiesel can utilize in any diesel engine. Normally vehicle industry limit their recommendation to 15 % biodiesel blended with petro Diesel. In Europe, biodiesel is most common. R & A ; D have research that biodiesel is more clean energy than fossil fuel, it release less C dioxide, C monoxide and sulfur dioxide after burning. Not merely that, biodiesel is more economical as biodiesel can be use straight without altering or modified the vehicle engine.The importance and advantages of Oleochemical Industry ( Biodiesel ) in our SocietyThe oleochemical industry that bring forthing biodiesel have unpredictable net income potency since the dodo fuel beginnings are consuming over the old ages and this will do the use of biodiesel additions. Biodiesel is mixable with crude oil based Diesel and this provides several advantages. For illustration, biodiesel can be obtained from a renewable and widespread handiness of feedstock. Furthermore, biodiesel has the same energy degree for per gallon like petroleum-based Diesel The biodiesel is produced from workss and other organic natural stuffs and the procedures of bring forthing biodiesel are harmless to the Earth compared to boring for oil which caused immense amendss to the Earth. Since we able to bring forth biodiesel and being used in domestic, there are no international complications will be involved. This will assist beef up our national security. Besides that, it can forestall the planetary state of affairs to impact the monetary value of biodiesel. The chief ground of oleochemical industry can be so successful is because of the alternate biofuel such as biodiesel is a C impersonal one which means it does n't non breathe any C gases in the signifier of C dioxide. As we know C dioxide is the chief part to the nursery gas emanations. Besides that, biodiesel is biodegradable and less toxic than fossil fuel. Due to the lubricating consequence by the biodiesel, the Diesel engine ‘s life-time is last longer and it is more efficiency. Therefore, biodiesel becomes one of the most of import alternate fuel for burning in Diesel engines.The Supply & A ; Demand of BiodieselDue to the worsening of fossil fuels around the universe, assorted authoritiess all over the universe have passed policies to assist in the production and phasing-in of bio-fuels to cut down the ingestion of fossil fuel. For illustration, the United States of America had passed a Renewable Fuel Standard ( RFS ) in 2010 for the production of 650 million gallons of bi odiesel in 2010, while in Brazil, all gasolene requires around 20-25 % of ethyl alcohol blended into them and since Jan. 1 2010, Brazil had begun a B-5 authorization which requires the phasing in of 5 % biodiesel into fossil fuels. In add-on, due to the EU ‘s ( European Union ) determined policies, biofuel ingestion is set to increase aggressively. Previously, the EU had set a end for all their member states to accomplish a minimal mark of 5.75 % biofuel production by the twelvemonth 2010, which was estimated to be around 14 million metric tons, and later increase the sum to 10 % biofuel production by the twelvemonth 2020. South East Asiatic states like Indonesia and the Philippines have besides set a B2.5 authorization which requires the phasing in of 2.5 % biodiesel into fossil fuel Diesels in their internal market. Malaysia has besides implemented a B5 authorization which requires all diesel fuels sold in the state to phase-in 5 % of biodiesel. Therefore, with many states back uping the construct of bring forthing biofuels and the increasing world-wide demand, it shows that puting into the field of the production of biodiesel would be really profitable in the long tally. Costss of bring forthing biodiesel are dependent on the feedstock being used, the biodiesel works design and size, and the manner the works is being operated. Basically, soybean oil and thenar oil are the most normally used feedstock being used in the oleo chemical industry due to their widespread handiness and lowest priced for most of the clip. Although algae are one of the feedstock which can hold a high output of biodiesel, palm oil is still preferred over algae due the high capital of algae. Besides that, states like Indonesia and Malaysia, which in 2012 had recorded approximately 18,500,000 metric dozenss of palm oil produced, will turn out to be worthwhile states to put in for the production of biodiesel due to the fact that there are ample stuffs to bring forth biodiesel. Furthermore, with the deficiency of providers bring forthing biodiesel in the part ( South East Asia ) , to put in this field in the part would turn out to be worth the attempt.Procesess for synthesis of biodiesel from thenarThere are two chief procedure for synthesis of biodiesel from palmi?s Palm Oil Extraction from thenar Mechanical Extraction Solvent Extraction Traditional Method Of Palm Kernel Extraction There are 8 chief procedures for the palm oil extraction, those are bunch response, and weighing, clump quartering, bunch sterilisation, clump threshing/ denudation, oil thenar fruit digestion, palm oil pressure, palm oil elucidation, palm oil drying and palm oil storage ( Figure 6.1 ) . The extraction of palm oil can be done by three methods: a. ) Mechanical Extraction, B. ) Solvent extraction and c. ) Traditional method of palm meats extraction. 2. Trans-esterification Trans-esterification besides known as alcoholysis. It is a chemical procedure that decrease the viscousness of palm oil and bring forth biodiesel by displace intoxicant from an ester utilizing another intoxicant. This chemical procedure contains three subsequent reversible reactions: I. ) Chemical reaction between triglycerides of palm oil and intoxicant to bring forth diglycerides and ester, two. ) Chemical reaction between diglycerides and intoxicant to bring forth monoglycerides and ester, three. ) Chemical reaction between monoglycerides and intoxicant to bring forth glycerin and ester ( general equation in Figure 6.2 ) . Transesterification can either be performed by the nowadays of accelerator ( catalytic procedure ) or without the nowadays of accelerator ( non-catalytic procedure ) ( Figure 6.3 ) . During the synthesis of biodiesel, there are some safeguard stairss need to be taken to guarantee the whole procedure can be done in safe status. One of the safeguard measure is ever do certain that the armored combat vehicles used in treating biodiesel are in good status. Besides that, do certain that all the electrical powered are non over heated, over-pressurized and improperly installed. Use an detonation cogent evidence motor to avoid from go forthing the motor and prosecute the professionals to put in and keep the pump.The Impact on the EnvironmentThe procedure of deducing oleochemical can be divided into Fat Splitting, Distillation, Fractionation by Crystallization, Fractionation by Distillation, Hydrogenation and Ion Exchange. All the stated procedure might hold some impacts on the environment, such as: A power works will be needed to provide a big sum of energy to the oleochemical industry. In order to put in a power works in the mill, infinite and fuel are indispensable. However, fossil fuel is non environment friendly because it will bring forth toxic gases such as CO and SO3, which could do air pollution. Besides, nursery gases such as CO2, O3, H2O bluess, and CH4, released from the power works, farther contribute to greenhouse effects. Natural stuffs are limited. Human may endure from nutrient lack due to inordinate use of animate beings and workss fats as natural stuff for oleochemical industry. ‘Animal fats, being a side watercourse from the meat production, have a limited handiness ‘ , said European Oleochemicals & A ; Allied Products Group. ‘Animal fats cover more than 50 % of the natural stuff demands in the European Oleochemical Industry ‘ . The procedures of deducing oleochemicals such as ( splitting, refinement, neutralisation and distillment ) will bring forth heat energy. Since H2O has a really high particular heat capacity, it will be used in chilling system. In the chilling system, heat energy will be transfer to the H2O, which increases the temperature of H2O. If we discard the hot H2O into river, the temperature will subsequently interrupt the temperature of the river H2O. Even though it could be a really little alteration of temperature, but it may do decease to the aquatic lives due to inadequate temperature which affects the activity of enzymes. There is no cogent evidence that neither natural stuffs nor merchandises are safe to human, animate beings and workss even though it ‘s derived from workss or animate beings beginnings. Therefore, all the natural stuffs and merchandises must be handled with attention by comparative field experts. ‘The handling, storage, and transit of these stuffs should to be managed decently to avoid or minimise the potency for environmental impacts ‘ . Pollutant, toxic and nursery gases will do pollution and nursery consequence if we release it straight into atmosphere. Being of So3 and other toxic gases in ambiance can do respiratory jobs on worlds and animate beings. If the waste merchandises of fat dividing procedure such as lipoids, acids and bases were discarded to land, it will do dirt pollution. Plants will be unable to turn and this farther destroys the home ground of the animate beings. When the mill is runing, machines and runing systems will bring forth noise and disturb nearby abode. A suited and scheme location which located far off from town and abode country can be used to put the mill. A accelerator such as Pt or Ni may be required to rush up the rate of reaction. These accelerators are expensive and need to be recycled so that we can cut down the costs and besides save the environment. The merchandises might dwell of new and unknown chemicals. To uncover the toxicity or other side effects, carnal testing or carnal test can be conducted. This is an inhumane pattern, which may impact the ecosystem if the toxic is spread among the vegetations and zoologies. The worst unmanageable instance is that the chemicals cause malignant neoplastic disease or mutant inside the carnal organic structure and spread among each other. Therefore, the pattern of carnal testing must be carried out in a little graduated table, and the figure of animate being used for proving should be every bit least as possible. Besides, the animate beings must be quarantined and separated from the others, as this could farther minimise biological pollution.Future Potential of the Oleochemical IndustryOleochemical industry is one of the fastest growing industry for biofuels. In the following few old ages, merchandises produced by oleochemical industry are expected to replace those from petrochemicals. Mo st of the oleochemical industry are based on thenar and palm meat oils, so other new natural stuff beginnings are hoped to be found out to replace them, which are cheaper and easy to be obtained. To protect the female parent Earth, costs of production should non be the first consideration while the environmental impact of a chemical to the user and environment is anticipated to be more of import. Environmental issues such as biodegradation, non-toxicity and life rhythm analysis are the chief consideration that will be used in the hereafter to find whether a chemical should be commercially produced or non. Biotechnology aslo every bit known as biotransformation procedure is used to bring forth basic oleochemicals and intermediate merchandises that based on chemical procedures. This will be the future engineering and will be used to bring forth functionality oleochemicals.DecisionThe universe is confronting the depleting of fossil fuels, so the demand of oleochmical merchandises will go on transcend the supply. Oleochemical plays a really of import function in supplying an alternate to replace the dodo fuels because the merchandises of oleochemical are environmental friendly. However, mass feats of this industry will still harm the environment to a certain extent. Hence, safeguard steps must be taken and careful deliberation over the issues that will go on before it creates a job to our society.Mention1 ) Jibrail B Kansedo, University Sains Malaysia, Synthesis Of Biodiesel From Palm Oil And Sea Mango Oil Using Sulfated Zirconia Catalyst. Available from: & lt ; hypertext transfer protoco l: //eprints.usm.my/15765/1/SYNTHESIS_OF_BIODIESEL_FROM_PALM_OIL_AND_SEA_MANGO_OIL_USING_SULFATED_ZIRCONIA_CATALYST.pdf & gt ; [ July 2009 ] 2 ) Siti Fatimah Arifin, University Malaysia Pahang, Faculty Of Chemical And Natural Resources Engineering, Production Of Biodiesel From Waste Cooking Oil And RBD Palm Oil Using Batch Transesterification Process. Available from: & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //umpir.ump.edu.my/861/1/Siti_Fatimah_Arifin.pdf & gt ; [ May 2009 ] 3 ) Rhonda Day, eHow, Safety and Hazard Precautions In Biodiesel Production. Available from: & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ehow.com/list_6793134_safety-hazard-precautions-biodiesel-production.htm & gt ; 4 ) FAO Corporate Document Repository, Palm Oil Processing. Available from: & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fao.org/docrep/005/Y4355E/y4355e04.htm & gt ; 5 ) FAO Corporative Document Repository, Palm Kernel Oil Extraction. Available from: & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fao.org/docrep/005/Y4355E/y4355e06.htm # TopOfPage & gt ;6 ) Centre for Transportation Analysis, Global Supply and DemandA of Biofuels, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Available from: & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //cta.ornl.gov/TRBenergy/trb_documents/2011 % 20presentations/Duffield % 20Global % 20Supply % 20and % 20Demand % 20- % 20Session % 20319.pdf & gt ; [ January 2011 ]7 ) Future Potential of Oleochemical Industry. Available from: & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //palmoilis.mpob.gov.my/Vtour/gallery_html/g9_3.htm & gt ;8 ) Malaysia Palm Oil Production by Year, 1964-2012. Available from: & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/ ? country=my & A ; commodity=palm-oil & A ; graph=production-growth-rate & gt ;9 ) ASEAN Oleochemical Manufacturers Group, Country Section Malaysia. Available from: & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.aomg.org.my/index.php? option=com_content & A ; task=view & A ; id=15 & A ; Itemid=32 & gt ; 10 ) ClimateAvene, the Use of Plam Oil as Biofule and Biodiesel. Available from: & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.climateavenue.com/en.biodiesel.palm.oil.htm & gt ;11 ) ClimateAvene, Sustainable Palm Oil Cultivation and Climate Change. Available from:& lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.climateavenue.com/en.biod.climate.index.htm & gt ; 12 ) Wolfgang Rupilius and Salmiah Ahmad, The Changing World of Oleochemicals. Available from: & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.chgs.com.my/chinese/download/Palm % 20Oil % 20Developments/june % 202006/The % 20changing % 20world % 20of % 20Oleochemicals.pdf & gt ; 13 ) International Finance Corporation, IFC, 2007, Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Oleochemicals Manufacturing [ Online ] . Available from: & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www1.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/f5c493804886588bb656f66a6515bb18/Final % 2B- % 2BOleochemicals % 2BManufacturing.pdf? MOD=AJPERES & A ; id=1323153202672 & gt ; 14 ) Trudy, T. , 2009, Man-made Ingredients: The argument over synthetics [ Online ] Available at & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.smallsimplelife.com/resources/petrochemicals-and-oleochemical-synthetics/ & gt ; 15 ) European Oleochemicals & A ; Allied Products Group, APAG 2006, Challenges and potency of biomass & A ; biofuels for the European Oleochemical industry [ Online ] . Available at: & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.europarl.europa.eu/hearings/20060601/itre/decooman_en.pdf & gt ;16 ) Ahmad, Mohd Jaaffar, and Tang Thin Su, 2005 â€Å" Supply and demand of biodiesel in the European Union ( EU ) . â€Å" A Palm Oil DevA 42 ( 2005 ) : 8-14.

Chitral Vocational Training Case Study Essay

Case Study: Sabira Bibi Persistance and perserverence always yield results SABIRA BIBI IS FROM CHINAR VILLAGE IN MASTUJ, UPPER CHITRAL. SHE GOT MARRIED IN 1994 AT THE YOUNG AGE OF 16 TO GULISTAN KHAN WHO WAS THEN EMPLOYED IN THE CHITRAL SCOUTS. AS HER HUSBAND WAS MUCH OLDER, HE RETIRED IN 2003 BUT THEY WERE ABLE TO MEET THEIR MONTHLY EXPENSES SINCE THEY OWNED LAND. IN 2008, TRAGEDY STUCK THE FAMILY WHEN THE YARKHOON RIVER WASHED AWAY THEIR HOME AND ALL 8 KANALS OF THEIR CULTIVABLE LAND. SABIRA BIBI AND HER FAMILY MOVED IN WITH HER HUSBAND’S BROTHER BUT LIVING ON HER HUSBAND’S 5000 RUPEE PENSION WAS PROVING TO BE DIFFICULT. SABIRA BIBI FELT VERY HELPLESS AS SHE WAS NOT ABLE TO COMPLETE HER EDUCATION AND ALSO FELT THAT LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES ARE LIMITED FOR WOMEN AS THE COMMUNITY DOES NOT ACCEPT WOMEN WORKING OUTSIDE THEIR HOME. SABIRA BIBI HAS MADE SURE ALL HER DAUGHTERS ARE ENROLLED IN SCHOOL, HER ELDEST DAUGHTER IS CURRENTLY COMPLETING B. COM AND THE REST ARE IN MIDDLE AND SECONDARY SCHOOL. SHE TOLD US THEY ARE EXCELLENT IN THEIR STUDIES AND SHE WOULD LIKE ALL OF THEM TO GO TO COLLEGE. Cross stitch used to make book marks WHEN SABIRA BIBI LEARNT THAT VOCATIONAL TRAINING ON LOCAL EMBROIDERY AND HANDICRAFT PRODUCTION FOR 25 WOMEN WAS BEING OFFERED BY FIDA IN MASTUJ, SHE THOUGHT IT WOULD BE A GOOD WAY OF UTILIZING HER EXISTING SKILLS IN LOCAL EMBROIDERY. WHEN SHE INITIALLY APPLIED FOR A POSITION IN THE TRAINING HER APPLICATION WAS REJECTED AS SHE DID NOT MEET THE MINIMUM EDUCATION CRITERIA AS PARTICIPANTS WERE EXPECTED TO READ AND WRITE. SABIRA BIBI MET WITH HER LOCAL COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION MEMBERS AS SHE WAS VERY UPSET AND WANTED THEM TO  CONSIDER HER AS A SPECIAL CASE. FIDA’S TEAM THEN CALLED HER FOR A SECOND INTERVIEW AND REALIZED SHE WAS VERY SKILLED IN LOCAL EMBROIDERY. SABIRA BIBI TOOK PART IN THE ONE MONTH TRAINING AND LEARNT HOW TO USE HER EMBROIDERY SKILLS TO MAKE SMALL HANDICRAFT PRODUCTS LIKE BOOK MARKS AND PENCIL CASES. BEFORE THE TRAINING, SABIRA BIBI WAS ABLE TO MAKE TRADITIONAL BRIDAL CAPS FOR WOMEN BUT SAID IT WAS VERY TIME CONSUMING AND DIFFICULT TO SELL AS PEOPLE ONLY BOUGHT THEM FOR WEDDINGS. BY LEARNING HOW TO MAKE DIFFERENT PRODUCTS, SABIRA BIBI SAID IT WILL BE  EASIER TO ATTRACT CUSTOMERS. Bookmarks made during the training Sabira bibi receiving her certificate from the trainer Sabira bibi told us ‘I am hopeful to generate enough income to pay for my children’s education and save for building our own home. I will always pray for FIDA’s success. It is one of only organization’s that is selecting people based on merit and I was able to explore my talent through them and am thankful to my community organization for providing me with such an opportunity. † Mobile pouches made during the training.

How to Use Khan Academy for ACT Prep Complete Guide

How to Use Khan Academy for ACT Prep Complete Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Khan Academy has recently partnered with the College Board, the makers of the SAT, to produce free and official SAT prep materials. Unfortunately, there's currently no official Khan Academy ACT prep; however,students can still use Khan Academy’s resources to help them prepare for the ACT. This guide will go over what materials Khan Academy offers, why you should consider using them, and exactly which resources will be most helpful and which topics you will need to use additional review materials for so that you can be as well-prepared for the ACT as possible. What Is Khan Academy? Khan Academy is a non-profit education site that was founded in 2006. The site offers thousands of free videos on a wide variety of topics, including math, computer programming, and chemistry. The videos typically go over sample problems step-by-step to help viewers understand the concepts behind solving the problem.It’s free to join, and anyone can create an account. In 2015, Khan Academy and the College Board (the organization that designs and administers the SAT, PSAT, and AP exams) announced that they had created a set of free SAT study tools. These resources include quizzes, tests, video tutorials, and personalized practice recommendations. Because these tools were developed in collaboration with the College Board, they are official prep resourcesandgive an accurate representation of what the actual SAT will be like. Check out our guide to learn more about Khan Academy and its SAT prep resources. Can You Use Khan Academy for ACT Prep? Unfortunately, there is currently no official Khan AcademyACT test prep , however; students planning on only taking the ACT can still use and benefit from Khan Academy’s resources, including the SAT prep resources. How can you do this? And why would you want to? First, Khan Academy offers lessons on a wide range of subjects. Their emphasis is on math, but they also have lessons on other subjects the ACT tests, such as parts of speechand grammar. Therefore, you'll be able to find resources for many of the topics the ACT tests on Khan Academy. You can also use Khan Academy's SAT prep resources to prepare for the ACT. How is this possible when they are two different tests? First, there is a large overlap in the topics the ACT and SAT test, particularly since the SAT has recently undergone major changes that make it much more similar to the ACT. Both exams test math, science, critical reading, and writing and language skills.This means that much of what you study for the SAT, including Khan Academy’s resources, will be useful for the ACT, and vice versa. Additionally, Khan Academy’s SAT resources are official resources, which means they were developed by the same people who write the real SAT questions. This means that Khan Academy’s practice questions give an accurate look at how official test questions are written and which topics they cover. While these questions won’t be exactly the same as those found on the ACT, they can often be much closer to real ACT questions than many unofficial prep resources which can differgreatlyfrom thereal ACT. How to Use Khan Academy to Prepare for the ACT For full details on how to set up an account on Khan Academy and navigate its resources, check out our guide on how to get the most out of Khan Academy.After setting up an account (it only takes a few minutes), you’ll be able to choose which subject you want to start studying. We'll go over the most topics to focus on with Khan AcademyACT prep below. The sections below each over a specific section of the ACT: English, Math, Reading, Science, and the optional Writing section. For each section, we'll explain which Khan Academy materials are most useful and if thereare any topics you should use additional resources to prepare for. ACT English What the ACT English Section Covers The ACT English section is 45 minutes long and contains 75 questions. The section includes five essays or passages, each accompanied by a series of questions. ACT English covers two main topics: Usage and Mechanics and Rhetorical Skills. Usage and Mechanics tests your knowledge ofgrammar, punctuation, usage, and sentence structure, while Rhetorical Skills tests "bigger picture" ideas such as the ideas, style, and organization of each passage. Spelling, vocabulary, and obscure grammar rules are not tested on ACT English. Khan Academy Resources You Can Use for ACT English Within Khan Academy's SAT prep resources, there are two sections that correspond to ACT English: Writing and Language as well asGrammar and Effective Language Use. Writingand Language has three subsections which focus on making revisions to argumentative, informative, and non-fiction narrative passages.Grammar and Effective Language Use has 21 subsections focusing on different grammar and punctuation concepts such as possessive pronouns, modifier placement, and pronoun clarity. These sections will help prepare you for the majority of the ACT English section, particularly the Usage and Mechanics questions. Beyond the SAT prep resources, Khan Academy also has other grammar videosunder "Arts and Humanities." These videos focus on parts of speech, punctuation, and syntax, and they're a good resource to start with if you want to brush up on your grammar before answering practice questions. Topics Khan Academy Doesn't Cover for ACT English The SAT Writing and Language section recently underwent major changes, and, as a result, it is now much more similar to ACT English. Both test sections now use a completely passage-based format, and both test similar grammar rules. Because of this, Khan Academy's SAT prep resources and grammar resources cover most of what you'll need to know for ACT English. However, ACT English does include main-idea questions, which you won't see covered on Khan Academy, so if you want more practice with those, be sure to use other, ACT-specific resources (discussed more at the bottom of this article). ACT Math What the ACT Math Section Covers ACT Math is 60 minutes long and contains 60 questions. There are six main topics ACT Math covers. They're listed below, along with the percentage of the section that includes questions on that topic (the total is more than 100% because some questions fit into more than one category). Pre-Algebra (20-25%) Elementary Algebra (15-20%) Intermediate Algebra (15-20%) Coordinate Geometry (15-20%) Plane Geometry (20-25%) Trigonometry (5-10%) So overall, ACT Math has the most questions on algebra, along with a substantial amount of questions on geometry and a few trigonometry questions. Khan Academy Resources You Can Use for ACT Math The SAT Math section emphasizes algebra more than ACT Math does, so Khan Academy's SAT prep resources, specifically the Heart of Algebra and Passport to Advanced Mathematics sections, have a lot of material to help you study algebra. Khan Academy also has additional algebra videos under its Math resources to help you reinforce your algebra knowledge. For geometry, Khan Academy has geometry videos under its Math resources. These videos cover both coordinate and plane geometry. Within its SAT math resources, the Additional Topics in Math section includes geometry questions. There are only a handful of trigonometry questions on ACT Math, but you can still prepare for them by reviewing the Additional Topics in Math section under SAT resources and the Trigonometry videos under Khan Academy's Math resources. There are also two differences to note between SAT Math and ACT Math that you might be confused by if you use the SAT prep resources. First, a calculator is not allowed on part of SAT Math, but you can use a calculator the entire time for ACT Math, so disregard any remarks about not being able to use a calculator. Second, on the SAT, you'll get a formula sheet with relevant math formulas, but you won't receive this on the ACT, so you'll have to put in more of an effort to memorize important formulas. ACT Reading What the ACT Reading Section Covers ACT Reading contains 40 questions that you have 35 minutes to answer. The section contains three single passages and a set of paired passages. The five passages will always come from four topic areas: humanities, literary fiction, natural sciences, and social sciences.You're not expected to have any prior knowledge of the passage topics. The questions in ACT Reading test your skills in understanding main ideas, locating details, and interpreting purpose and voice. Khan Academy Resources You Can Use for ACT Reading The SAT Reading and ACT Reading sections are quite similar. All the questions are related to passages, the passages come from similar categories, and, for both exams, and both include a set of paired passages. This meansyou can use all of Khan Academy's SAT Reading resources to help you prepare for ACT Reading. Khan Academy's SAT Reading resources include videos, examples, and practice questions for four types of passages: science, literature, history, and social science. Using these resources can helpyou become more comfortable with critically reading different types of passages and answering questions on main ideas, vocabulary-in-context, inferences, and details from the reading. This is also good because Khan Academy doesn't have any general resources on improving critical reading skills, so only their SAT resources are relevant for prepping for ACT Reading. So Khan Academy's SAT Reading resources do a pretty thorough job of covering the topics ACT Reading tests, however; there are a few differences between the Reading sections of the two exams. First, the science passages on SAT Reading will include charts and graphs, which you won’t see in ACT Reading. However, you should still study and answer these questions since you will see similar questions on the ACT Science section. Also,on the SAT, questions for passages always go in chronological order. On the ACT, you can (and likely will) be jumping around throughout the passage as you move from question to question, so be prepared for that difference. ACT Science What the ACT Science Section Covers The ACT Science section is 35 minutes long and contains 40 questions. Like the Reading section, on ACT Science there will be several passages with questions following each passage. There are seven passages on ACT Science, and these passages could contain graphs, charts, diagrams, experiment summaries, or conflicting viewpoints from multiple scientists. Each passage will be followed by four to seven questions. As opposed to testing specific facts or topics, ACT Science tests your knowledge of scientific skills such as data analysis, hypothesis evaluation, and how to summarize research. Khan Academy Resources You Can Use for ACT Science Due tothe skills ACT Science tests and because there is no science section on the SAT, Khan Academy's resources don't prepare you for this section of the ACT as well as they do for other sections. Khan Academy does have a science section with videos on numerous scientific subjects, but this isn't much use to you because it mostly covers scientific facts you don't need to know for the ACT. For example, on ACT Science, you don't need to know the steps of cell division (which Khan Academy goes over), but if you're given a passage that explains research on cell division, you'll need to be able to analyze that research and its results (which Khan Academy doesn't focus on). However, there are some resources you can use to help you prepare for ACT Science. Under Khan Academy's SAT prep resources, questions from SAT Reading and SAT Writing and Language that include graphs or charts are oftensimilar to some questions seen on ACT Science. The SAT has no science section, so questions testing some of the same skills ACT Science tests are spread throughout other sections. Therefore, if you're studying the SAT Reading or Writing and Language sections and come across a problem with a graph or chart, know that you won't see questions like that on ACT Reading or ACT English, butit can help you prepare for ACT Science. Topics Khan Academy Doesn't Cover for ACT Science As mentioned before, this is the section of the ACT you'll need to use the most outside resources to prepare for. You can get some practice by answering SAT questions that include charts, graphs, and data analysis, but to be fully prepared for ACT Science, you'll want to spend time studying resources specifically focused on the topics thissection tests. We'll go over some of these resources at the bottom of this guide. ACT Writing ACT Writing is an optional section where you'll be given 40 minutes to write a persuasive essay. Khan Academy does not have any resources on essay writing, even for the SAT essay (which is different than the ACT essay so it wouldn't help you much anyway). If you choose to take the ACT Writing section, you'll need to use outside resources to prepare for it. Other Resources to Use for Your ACT Prep Khan Academy can be a helpful resource, but it definitely shouldn't be the only one you use to prepare for the ACT. Make sure to attack the ACT specifically withACT prep books and practice tests. Official ACT practice tests will be particularly helpful because they’ll help you become familiar with how the ACT words questions and how those questions differ from the SAT’s. Khan Academy ACT prep will give you the best preparation for the ACT English, Math and Reading sections. You will definitely need supplementary prep materials for ACT Science and, if you choose to take it, ACT Writing.Check out our ultimate guide for ACT Science, as well as these guides on the best way to prepare for ACT Science and the only science you need to know for ACT Science.We also have acomplete guide to ACT Writing and tips for how to get a perfect score on your essay. Another major skill you can't get from Khan Academy is strategies to help you answer ACT questions. The ACT asks similar types of questions on each of its exams, and by knowing different strategies, you can tackle specific problems faster and more easily. To learn these strategies, you'll need to use prep materials specifically designed for the ACT. The ACT prep books mentioned above often include strategies for different ACT problems, and you can also check out all our guides to the best ACT strategies you should know. Khan Academy ACT Prep: Final Notes Even though Khan Academy does not have resources designed specifically for the ACT, you can still use them to prepare for the exam. Because there is quite a bit of overlap on what the ACT and SAT test, much of Khan Academy’s SAT prep materials are relevant for the ACT, particularly because the SAT has recently undergone significant changes that make it closer in content and style to the ACT.Khan Academy also has general resources that can help you study for the ACT. You’ll definitely need additional review materials, particularly for the Science section, but Khan Academy can still be a useful resource and get you more prepared for how official test questions are worded and what they test. What's Next? Looking for a top ACT score?Learn how to get a perfect 36 on the ACTby reading our guide, written by an ACT full scorer. Wondering if you should take the ACT Writing section?Check out our guide to learn how to decide what to do. Want more information on ACT Science?Our guide goes over everything you need to know to ace the ACT Science section. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also have expert instructors who can grade every one of your practice ACT essays, giving feedback on how to improve your score. Check out our 5-day free trial: