Ict in Language Teaching

ICT IN LANGUAGE TEACHING Introduction: English is the dominant language of the Internet. A large proportion of the educational software produced in the world market is in English. For developing countries in the Asia-Pacific where English language proficiency is not high, this represents a serious barrier to maximizing the educational benefits of the World Wide Web. Icts In Language Teaching: Technology is in-built in language teaching. The latest technology available to the language teacher is the computer. Many examples of the use of ICTs can be introduced in language teaching. Here a few, ?Word processing Composing documents and presentations ?Information and communication ?Speech Recoginition And Synthesis ?Multimedia and languages ?E-learning ?Chatting ?Skype or Voip Service ?Online Teaching ?Web –Based Learning Word processing: The most common application of ICT in languages is word processing, to create, for example, letters and other documents. Ability to use a word pr ocessor is necessary in today’s society. Computer provides a better alternative for people using typewriters. There are clear advantages of using a word processor compared to the usual method of writing on paper or typing with a typewriter.Student should appreciate the use of a word processor and be encouraged to use it for most writing tasks. Teachers can create cloze reading tests like i. Texts with missing words ii. Words missing punctuation iii. Plural or tense endings iv. Arranging a story in chronological order v. Completing a story or vi. An outline for students to complete. Composing documents and presentations: Students can be taught to compose documents and make presentations. They can use texts and graphics in their presentations. They should know to convert data into appropriate graphics presentations.They should be able to produce simple web pages with text and graphics. Information and communication: In an information society, Students can get information quickl y from appropriate sources and they can exchage an information and collaborate speedily with others throughout the world. With the increasing use of the Internet, it is necessary that students have a clear but critical understanding of the possibilities of the World Wide Web. Students should know the various sources of information available to them and how to access these.There is considerable amount of information on the internet about writers and books; databases, reviews, opinions, and so on. This ready access will change the nature of language teaching because this information is so easy to access. Speech Recoginition And Synthesis: Students should be given the right software, so that they can compare their own pronunciations with those of a synthesized model, both orally and visually. Language laboratories are very useful in learning a foreign language. Multimedia and languages: Students can create their own multimedia software, to help in their learning of a foreign language.T hus Students can the language in a playful way. E-learning: E-learning is defined as an interactive learning in which the learning content is available online and provides automatic feedback to the students learning activities. Online communication with real people may or may not be included, but the focus of e-learning is usually more on the learning content than on communication between learners and tutors. E-learning could be viewed as an Online descendant of computer– based training(CBT) and computer– aided instruction (CAI). Goals and benefits of e-learning: . Improved performance: Higher education in Online learning is generally better than in face-to-face courses. 2. Increased access: Students can share their knowledge across borders, allowing students to across physical, political and economic boundaries. 3. Convenience and flexibility to learners: Learners are not bound to a specific day or time to physically attend classes. They can also pause learning sessio ns at their convenience. The high technology is not necessary for all Online courses. Basic internet access, audio and video capabilities are common requriments.Depending on the technology used, Students can begin their courses while at work and finish them at home on a different computer. 4. To develop the literacy skills and competencies needed in this present century: E-learning enables learners to develop the literacy skills knowledged- based workers by embedding the use of ICT’s within the curriculum. Chatting: Chatting is another great tool for Online Teaching, especially for a small virtual conference with one or a few students for a seminar. The audio and video components of some of the chat programs offer even more advantages.Students can use one of the free chat programs such as Yahoo messenger or MSN but they are often part of an Educational Delivery Application. Skype or Voip Service: The Online telephone services are great for teaching online language classes. A lot of online teachers use services like Skype but students often use their mobile phone so they can take a call anywhere. Online Teaching: Online teaching refers to the process of tutoring within an online virtual environment or networked environment where teachers and learners are separated by time and space.There are many terms for online education. Some of them are: 1. virtual education. 2. Internet- based education. 3. Web- based education. 4. Computer- mediated communication (CMC) Tutor is an academic, lecturer or professor who has responsibility for teaching in a degree or diploma programme in a university or vocational teaching and learning setting. In this instance the teacher requires excellent online communication skills to guide students who may study totally online without face- to- face contact with the tutor.It also focuses on achieving goals of independent learning, learner autonomy, self- reflection, knowledge construction, group based learning and discussion. It in volves five stages. They are, 1. Access and motivation 2. Online socialization 3. Information exchange 4. Knowledge construction 5. Development. Web –Based Learning: Web –Based Learning is associated with learning materials delivered in a Web browser, including the materials packaged on CD- ROM. Online learning is associated with content readily accessible on a computer.The content may be on the Web or the internet, or simply installed on a CD- ROM or the computer hard disk. Web –Based Learning entails content in a Web browser and actual learning materials delivered in a Web format. In this, Web –Based Learning is analogous to textbooks, where the content determines whether a book is a novel, a report, or a textbook. Simply offering computer -based training (CBT) for download from a Website is not Web –Based Learning since there is no learning content in Web format. Web browsing the learning content is the key feature of Web –Based Learning. Web –Based Learning content is typically retrieved from a Website. For instance, some Web –Based Learning offerings operate from CD- ROM and many are offered on dual format: Website and CD- ROM. The CD- ROM solution is typically associated with situations where network access may not be available or practical, like in schools lacking internet access or in the midst of a military conflict. Benefits of Web –Based Learning: 1. Access is available anytime, anywhere, around the globe: Students access information whether they are working from home or from office. . Per-Student equipment costs are affordable: Almost any computer today equipped with a modem and free browser software can access the internet or a private intranet. The cost of set up is relatively low. 3. Student tracking is made easy: WBT enables the data to be automatically tracked on the server- computer. Thus students can easily implement the powerful Student tracking systems. 4. Content is easily upda ted: WBT is a simple matter of copying the updated files from a local developers computer onto the server- computer.The real disadvantage of WBT, is the lack of human contact, which greatly impacts learning. WBT is better than the CD- ROM learning in this regard. Students can use their Web connection to e-mail other students,post comments on message boards, or use chat rooms and videoconference links to communicate live. With higher speed connections and improved conferencing software, one day Students around the world will be able to communicate in real time with each other through full- screen video. Using Web- based training, like all other delivery media, has advantages and disadvantages.One of the greatest challenges in ICT use in education is balancing educational goals with economic realities. ICTs in education programs require large capital investments and developing countries need to be prudent in making decisions about what models if ICT use will be introduced and to be co nscious of maintaining economies of scale. CONCLUSION: Thus ICTs are a powerful and useful teaching tool in the hands of a resourceful teacher. ICTs help a learner in learning any aspect of language such as vocabulary, grammar, punctuation, composition, etc. It motivates learner to learn foreign language and literature.

Knowledge to Assess Essay

Sources A and B agree with the interpretation that the creation of the Kingdom of Northern Italy was due mainly to the support of France with Source A arguably providing the strongest argument for this. Both the Sources confirm that France was committed to providing military assistance to Piedmont with Source A clearly stating that France has ‘decided to support Piedmont with all [their] power in a war against Austria’ and Source B backing this up by saying ‘Piedmont might rely upon our vigorous support if attacked by Austria’. Both the Sources also prove that French support was important as both Sources show concern for the diplomatic consequences in the event of war with Austria with Source A saying ‘provided the war could be justified in diplomatic circles and in the eyes of†¦French public opinion’ and Source B confirming this by saying ‘my first duty was to my country and its interests’. Both Sources are reliable as evidence that the creation of the Kingdom of Northern Italy was due mainly to the support of France. In Source A, Cavour is attempting to persuade the King to support war as Piedmont has the support of the French. The author and purpose prove reliable as at the Congress of Paris after the Crimean War, a healthy relationship was established between Piedmont and France. Cavour is right to say such things in his letter as Napoleon did in fact show a great enthusiasm for the Italian cause and was a dedicated supporter of the Carbonari in his youth. In Source B, Napoleon is attempting to gain support from Queen Victoria of England whilst not alarming her at the prospect of war with Austria, a country whom she was pre-disposed to liking. What Napoleon says in Source B is unsurprising and he is correct to say such things as 7 months have passed since the ‘secret meeting’ at Plombieres which was in fact no longer secret by now. Tensions had been raised and Napoleon had become alarmed by this. The author, date and purpose of Source B prove reliable in Source B as well as Source A. The importance of French support is also mentioned briefly in Source E where Victor Emmanuel states that Piedmont has ‘gratitude to France for the services she has rendered to Italy’ and makes a ‘sacrifice’ for France. Again Source E is reliable as  concessions in the form of Savoy and Nice were made to France in return for their support in the 1859 war against Austria. Arguably Source C also implies that French support was important in creating the Kingdom of Northern Italy. Piedmont are seen to be struggling alone and French support was therefore important in victories such as those at Magenta and Solferino where French military support was the main factor in securing the victory. To conclude, Sources A and B provide the strongest evidence that French support was the main reason that a Kingdom of Northern Italy was created with Sources C and E also backing this up. Source A and B are reliable, accurate evidence considering opinions from both the French and Piedmontese making this group in support of the interpretation very strong. On the other hand, Sources C, D and E disagree with the interpretation that the creation of the Kingdom of Northern Italy was due mainly to the support of France with Sources E and D providing the strongest argument for this and claiming Piedmontese initiatives to be of greater importance. Both these Sources state that the work of Piedmontese citizens were far more important in securing the creation of a Kingdom of Northern Italy with Source E clearly stating ‘central Italy has been delivered thanks to the remarkable courage of its inhabitants’ and ‘Lombardy has been freed thanks to the glorious exploits of our heroes’ and Source D backing this up by saying ‘Assemblies which now exist in central Italy’. Contrastingly, Source C claims that French support was extremely lacking and accuses Napoleon of inactivity and duplicity, forcing the burden of the war effort to be shouldered by Piedmont whilst implying that France were self-interested and enquiring as to what they would get out of it. Sources D and E are reliable as evidence that the creation of the Kingdom of Northern Italy was due to Piedmontese initiatives. In Source D, Walewski is warning the Piedmontese of the consequences of sidelining the French in the Central Duchies. Walewski is right to make such warnings as the French had concerns about instability spreading into the Papal States and that therefore the terms of the Villafranca agreement would be invalid and Piedmont would not be guaranteed the possession of Lombardy. In Source E, Victor Emmanuel is attempting to explain to the Parliament in Turin why he has ‘sacrificed’ ‘Savoy and Nice’. What Victor Emmanuel says in source E is also unsurprising as it is typical of him to make a Risorgimento speech crediting Italians rather than the French as he was a believer in ‘Italia fara da se’. The date of Source E also makes it reliable as in April 1860, the war against Austria had finished and, when compared with source C and D, Victor Emmanuel has the advantage of hindsight enabling him to comment on both the importance of Italian initiatives as well as French support, despite leaving ‘the services’ that France rendered to Italy undefined. However, Source C is far less reliable as evidence that the creation of the Kingdom of Northern Italy was not due to the support of France. In Source C, the English political cartoon is attempting to belittle the importance of French support by making the French out to look greedy. What the cartoonist shows in Source C is unsurprising as British hostility toward Napoleon and the French was rife due to the long wars with Napoleon Bonaparte which ended in 1815 and the bitter relations that then existed between the British and the French. To conclude, sources B and D, written by the French Napoleon and Walewski stress the importance French in regard to diplomacy and agreements made between France and Piedmont. Sources A and E however, written by the Piedmontese Cavour and Victor Emmanuel stress the role of Cavour’s diplomacy and Italian heroes whilst simply acknowledging moral and military support of the French. In summary, the importance of the French was an extremely important factor in the creation of a Kingdom of Northern Italy as France provided military support at the battles of Magenta and Solferino and gave Lombardy and eventually Venetia over to Piedmont thus creating a Kingdom of Northern Italy.

Bell 412 Specs

This document is intended for the use of BHTI employees, and BHTI independent representatives (international dealers), and for prospective customers as an aid in determining estimated weight and performance of the helicopter when configured with equipment for specific missions. Disclosure, reproduction, or use of any material in this document by persons other than BHTI employees, and BHTI independent representatives, and prospective customers are forbidden without written permission from Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. The listings of Optional Equipment (â€Å"Kits†) are subject to revision and change, and also may be different for specific serial number helicopters or special custom configurations. Please consult the â€Å"Notes† column found in the optional equipment list tables for equipment compatibility. The continuing product improvement process of BHTI may cause some components, equipment, and compatibility to be changed or replaced. The specifications, weights, dimensions, and performance data shown in this document are subject to change without notice. 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. Bell, 206, 407, 407GX, 429, 412, Huey II, LongRanger and JetRanger are registered trademarks of Textron Innovations Inc. All rights reserved Specifications subject to change without notice. Bell 412EP Product Specification May 2012 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 1 1  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 6/5/2012 8:37:05 PM Page Intentionally Left Blank  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 2 2 Bell 412EP Production Specification May 2012 6/5/2012 8:37:05 PM Bell 412EP RELIABLE, RUGGED AND READY The Bell 412EP is the workhorse of the helicopter industry with a reputation of getting up and going to work every day in even the most extreme environments. †¢ Proven Pratt Whitney PT6T-3D Twin Pac engines with more than 25 million flight hours in more than 2,000 aircraft worldwide †¢ High retirement and overhaul intervals 5,000 hour drive system TBO 4,000 hour engine overhaul interval On-condition composite main rotor blades †¢ 25,000 hours between premature engine removals †¢ Excellent Category A / JAR OPS 3 capability †¢ Rugged fuselage with rollover bulkhead protection and rupture resistant fuel cells The data set forth in this document are general in nature and may vary with conditions. For performance data and operating limitations for any specific flight mission, reference must be made to the approved Flight Manual Bell 412EP Product Specification May 2012 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 3 3  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 6/5/2012 8:37:05 PM Specification Summary (U. S. Units) Weight lb Weight lb Empty Weight (IFR Std. Config. ) 1 6,964 Maximum Gross Weight (Internal) 11,900 Useful Load (Internal, IFR Std. Config. ) 4,936 Maximum Gross Weight (External) 11,900 Maximum External Load 4,500 Performance Summary: Takeoff, Gross Weight lb IGE Hovering Ceiling 9,500 10,500 11,900 ISA OGE Hovering Ceiling ft 17,400 14,300 10,200 ISA + 20  °C ft 14,400 10,900 6,200 ISA 10,400 5,200 10,300 6,050 (11,890 lb @ SL) ISA ft 14,000 11,270 7,270 ft 12,120 9,000 4,990 ISA Service Ceiling (AEO) 13,800 ft ISA + 20  °C FAA Take Off and Landing Limit, WAT 2 ft ISA + 20  °C ft 19,840 18,760 16,290 (continuous OEI) ISA ft 11,450 8,850 5,400 (30 minute OEI) 3 ISA ft 12,850 10,500 7,600 4,000 ft, ISA kts 132 130 125 n mi 366 364 358 kts 126 125 122 n mi 414 410 401 kts 131 130 125 Maximum Continuous Cruise (true airspeed) Cruise at Long Range Cruise (LRC) Speed Range 4 LRC Speed (average true airspeed) Range SL, ISA 4 LRC Speed (average true airspeed) Catagory A Takeoff and Landing Ceiling 4,000 ft, ISA ft 6,000 3,400 (11,580 lb @ SL) ft 3,750 1,200 (10,800 lb @ SL) SL, ISA hr 4. 0 3. 9 3. 6 4,000 ft, ISA Endurance at Loiter Speed 4 ISA ISA + 20  °C Elevated Helipad hr 4. 3 4. 2 3. 9 Uninstalled Thermodynamic Power Engine Ratings: (100% RPM) Engine Rated Power 2 x 950 2 x 900 Standard: Pratt Whitney PT6T-3D Twin Pac Takeoff (5 minutes) SHP Max Continuous Power SHP 2 x 950 2 x 800 OEI (2-1/2 minutes) SHP 1 x 1,140 1 x 1,133 OEI (continuous) SHP 1 x 970 1 x 1,024 OEI (30 minutes) SHP 1 x 1,066 1 x 1,079 OEI (continuous) SHP 1 x 950 N/A Optional: Pratt Whitney PT6T-3DF Twin Pac Transmission Ratings (100% RPM, at mast) Takeoff (5-minute) 1,370 SHP Max Continuous Power 1,110 SHP Single Engine Limited by Power Available Fuel (usable) Type Aviation Turbine Capacity 330. 5 US Gallons Note 1 IFR Standard Configuration includes all items listed in the Standard Configuration table of this document as well as twenty-five pounds (eleven kilograms) of engine oil. Ballast is not included in the standard configuration (ballast is a function of installed equipment). Note 2 With BLR FastFin ® System. Does not apply for Catagory B, 9-passenger seat configuration. The data set forth in this document are general in nature and may vary with conditions. For performance data and operating limitations for any specific flight mission, reference must be made to the approved Flight Manual  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 4 4 Bell 412EP Production Specification May 2012 6/5/2012 8:37:06 PM Specification Summary (Metric Units) Weight kg Weight kg Empty Weight (IFR Std. Config. ) 1 3,159 Maximum Gross Weight (Internal) 5,398 Useful Load (Internal, IFR Std. Config. ) 2,239 Maximum Gross Weight (External) 5,398 Maximum External Load 2,041 Performance Summary: Takeoff, Gross Weight kg IGE Hovering Ceiling ISA 4,309 4,763 5,398 m 5,304 4,359 3,109 ISA + 20  °C m 4,389 3,322 1,890 ISA OGE Hovering Ceiling m 4,206 3,170 1,585 ISA + 20  °C m 3,139 1,844 (5,393 kg @ SL) ISA m 4,267 3,435 2,216 ISA + 20  °C FAA Take Off and Landing Limit, WAT 2 m 3,694 2,743 1,521 Service Ceiling (AEO) ISA m 6,047 5,718 4,919 (continuous OEI) ISA m 3,490 2,697 1,646 ISA m 3,917 3,200 2,316 1,219 m, ISA km/h 244 241 232 km 678 674 663 (30 minute OEI) 3 Maximum Continuous Cruise (true airspeed) Cruise at Long Range Cruise (LRC) Speed Range 4 LRC Speed (average true airspeed) Range 4 LRC Speed (average true airspeed) SL, ISA 1,219 m, ISA km/h 233 232 226 km 767 757 743 243 241 232 m 1,829 1,036 (5,253 kg @ SL) m 1,143 366 (4,899 kg @ SL) SL, ISA hr 4. 0 3. 9 3. 6 1,219 m, ISA Elevated Helipad Endurance at Loiter Speed 4 km/h ISA + 20  °C Catagory A Takeoff and Landing Ceiling hr 4. 3 4. 2 3. 9 ISA Uninstalled Thermodynamic Power Engine Ratings: (100% RPM) Engine Rated Power Standard: Pratt Whitney PT6T-3D Twin Pac Takeoff (5 minutes) kW 2 x 708 2 x 671 Max Continuous Power kW 2 x 708 2 x 597 OEI (2-1/2 minutes) kW 1 x 850 1 x 845 OEI (continuous) kW 1 x 723 1 x 764 OEI (30 minutes) kW 1 x 795 1 x 805 OEI (continuous) kW 1 x 708 N/A Optional: Pratt Whitney PT6T-3DF Twin Pac Transmission Ratings (100% RPM, at mast) Takeoff (5-minute) 1,022 kW Max Continuous Power 828 kW Single Engine Limited by Power Available Fuel (usable) Type Aviation Turbine Capacity 1,251 liters Note 3 Increased capability available with optional Pratt Whitney PT6T-3DF (30 minute OEI Power Kit). Note 4 Standard fuel, no reserve. The data set forth in this document are general in nature and may vary with conditions. For performance data and operating limitations for any specific flight mission, reference must be made to the approved Flight Manual Bell 412EP Product Specification May 2012 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 5 5  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 6/5/2012 8:37:06 PM BLR Strake and FastFin ® Bell Helicopter has partnered with BLR Aerospace to provide its performance, safety and efficiency-enhancing FastFin ® system as a standard feature on new Bell 412EP aircraft orders. The system incorporates two parallel stall strips along the tail boom and a reshaped vertical fin. These modifications combine to optimize airflow around the tail boom, improving the handling, stability and lifting capacity of the Bell 412EP in all environments, especially high and hot conditions. The FastFin ® system is a combination of two separate modifications, one to the vertical fin and the other to the tailboom. For clarity, the term FastFin ® refers to the BLR modification that changes the shape and contour of the vertical fin. The term FastFin ® System refers to the combined FastFin ® and Dual Tail Boom Strake installation. The performance benefits of this system include increased tail rotor effectiveness and higher crosswind speed tolerance at hover in certain conditions. In conditions where the aircraft is currently tail rotor limited the FastFin ® System results in increased Weight-Altitude-Temperature (WAT) capability for takeoff, landing and in-ground-effect maneuvers, providing substantial improvement in useful load for hot/high operation (See performance chart below). 14,000 Be ll 41 M 2EP ax G wit Be ro h ss Fa ll 41 W stF 2E ei in gh TM P M tL S ax im ys G it tem ro ss W ei gh tL im it 12,000 Density Altitude (feet) 10000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 8,000 9,000 10,000 Gross Weight (lb) 11,000 12,000 Bell 412EP WAT Improvement with FastFin ® System The data set forth in this document are general in nature and may vary with conditions. For performance data and operating limitations for any specific flight mission, reference must be made to the approved Flight Manual  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 6 6 Bell 412EP Production Specification May 2012 6/5/2012 8:37:06 PM Page Intentionally Left Blank Bell 412EP Product Specification May 2012 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 7 7  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 6/5/2012 8:37:06 PM External Dimensions LOW SKID GEAR Bell 412EP Low Skid Gear OPTIONAL HIGH SKID GEAR WITH AAI FLITESTEP ® Bell 412EP High Skid Gear Specifications subject to change without notice.  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 8 8 Bell 412EP Production Specification May 2012 6/5/2012 8:37:08 PM OPTIONAL EMERGENCY FLOAT GEAR WITH AAI FLOATSTEPâ„ ¢ Bell 412EP Float Kit OPTIONAL BLADE FOLDING KIT DIMENSIONS Minimum Hanger Size* Rotor Not Folded 33. 0 ft x 49. 6 ft (10. 1 m x 15. 2 m) Minimum Hanger Size* Rotor Folded 9. 5 ft x 55. 8 ft (2. 9 m x 17. 1 m) *Allowance should be made for high skid gear, ground wheels, emply fuel condition and door lip when considering hangar door width and height Specifications subject to change without notice. Bell 412EP Product Specification May 2012 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 9 9  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 6/5/2012 8:37:10 PM Bell 412EP Seating and Interior Trim Choices Crew Seats Two individual energy attenuating seats, fore/aft and up/down adjustable, each equipped with seat belt, double strap shoulder harness and inertia reel. Available with Grey, Blue, Red, or Tan upholstery which will match that selected for the cabin. Passenger Seats 13 seats offered in three options. (NOTE: Seating option 1 meets the criteria required by FAA regulations for installation in U. S. registered helicopters. Seating Options 2 3 require the addition of the STC Alpine 412 Passenger Shoulder Harness Kit for installation in U. S. registered helicopters. ) 1) Standard Seating Fabric covered high-backed folding seats with individual seat belts and single strap shoulder harness and inertia reel, arranged with one row of four (two 2-place benches) forward facing seats, and one row of five forward facing seats, and two outward facing two place benches (one on either side of the transmission). Available with Grey, Blue, Red, or Tan upholstery with Black seat belts. Seats are are also available in all vinyl at additional cost. (210. lb [95. 7 kg] included in the standard configuration weight. ) STANDARD SEATING (Shown with standard interior trim and floor covering) SEATING OPTIONS 2 AND 3 NOT ILLUSTRATED 2) Utility Seating Available for U. S. registered helicopters ONLY with addition of STC Alpine 412 Passenger Shoulder Harness Kit. Nylon covered bench type seating arranged with one row of four rearward facing seats (behind the crew seats), one row of five forward facing seats (in front of the transmission), and two outward facing two place benches (one on either side of the transmission). Each seat has an individual seat belt. Available in Tan or Black. The Utility Seating decreases the standard configuration weight (-93. 3 lb [-42. 3 kg], with Alpine Shoulder Harness -59. 5 lb [-27. 0 kg]). 3) Cushioned Utility Seating Available for U. S. registered helicopters ONLY with addition of STC Alpine 412 Passenger Shoulder Harness Kit. As in 2) above with the addition of fabric covered cushions, available in the same colors as the Standard Seating. The Cushioned Utility Seating decreases the standard configuration weight (-81. 1 lb [-36. 8 kg], with Alpine Shoulder Harness -47. 3 lb [-21. 5 kg]). Specifications subject to change without notice.  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 12EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 10 10 Bell 412EP Production Specification May 2012 6/5/2012 8:37:10 PM INTERIOR TRIM CHOICES 1) Standard Interior Trim The Standard Interior Trim is provided as a NO COST OPTION, but is not included in the Standard Configuration Empty Weight. Included are: Plastic closeouts on upper sidewalls, window reveals, and cabin headlin er; Padded vinyl covering the floor and lower door panels; Lower aft bulkhead covered with padded vinyl blankets. The hard plastic headliner and closeouts are off-white in color, and the padded bulkhead blankets and floor covering are color coordinated to match the seat color selection. The Standard Interior Trim increases the standard configuration empty weight (165. 7 lb [75. 2 kg]). 2) Utility Interior Trim The Utility Interior Trim consists of: Light beige vinyl covered headliner and bulkhead blankets; Doors painted light beige; Floor painted brown. The Utility Interior Trim is included in the standard configuration empty weight (33. 3 lb [15. 1 kg]). CUSTOMIZED SEATING [Example] Customized Seating Custom designed interiors are available from aircraft completion centers to meet the needs of Corporate or Emergency Medical Service customers. Specifications subject to change without notice. Bell 412EP Product Specification May 2012 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 11 11  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 6/5/2012 8:37:10 PM Standard Configuration (Items Included In List Price) AIRFRAME TRANSMISSION/ DRIVE SYSTEM Aluminum alloy fuselage (over 240 ft3 [6. 8M3]) loading space Glass windshields Main rotor transmission with 4 chip detectors/2 debris collectors Tinted overhead windows Vibration isolation / suspension mounts (4) Dual windshield wipers Main Lift link (single point suspension) Fresh air ventilators with adjustable outlets (8 cockpit and 12 aft cabin) 42? gearbox (sight gage and magnetic drain plug/chip detector) Bleed air heater and defroster with air noise suppression 90? gearbox (sight gage and magnetic drain plug/chip detector) Cargo tie-down fittings (51 aft cabin floor) Hydraulic pumps for controls (2 independent systems) Map and data case Transmission oil cooler Cabin fire extinguisher (2) Swingout jettisonable doors (2 for forward cabin) POWER PLANT Sliding doors (2 for aft cabin access with 2 emergency exit panels on each door) Automatic governors (2) Pratt Whitney of Canada PT6T-3D â€Å"Twin Pac† (1800 SHP) Swingout panels for extended access to aft cabin (2) Magnetic chip detectors Fixed step on skids for entry to forward cabin (2) Torque limiter Fuel System (330. 5 US Gal [1251 liter] usable, rupture resistant cells and breakaway vent fitting) Retractable steps for aft cabin access (2) Baggage compartment in tail boom (over 28 ft [0. 8M ], 400 lb [181kg] capacity). 3 3 Pumps on engines and submerged in fuel tanks Skid-type landing gear with replaceable wear shoes Fuel filter assembly Mooring and jacking fittings (4) Oil coolers (2) External attachment fittings (16) Fire detection system (2) Semi-monocoque tailboom Fire extinguisher system (2) BLR Strake and FastFin RPM warning system  ® Elevator (airspeed / spring-cartridge controlled) Hinged cowling Tail skid Starter-generators (2) Cargo hook provisions Power turbine RPM control actuators AUDIO Combining gearbox with chip detector Two station aft intercom system w/crew interface Separate firewall protection for each engine ROTORS CONTROLS Overriding clutches (2) Soft-in-plane flex beam hub with four fiberglass blades Extended Engine Exhaust Deflectors Main rotor droop restraint COMMUNICATIONS NAVIGATION Pendulum vibration absorbers 720 Channel VHF rec/trans transceiver (KTR-908) Semi-rigid, two bladed all-metal tail rotor VHF antenna All controls hydraulically boosted (dual systems for main rotor) 2 Headsets (pilot copilot) Force trim system and artificial feel (electrically set) 2 Intercomunication Panels (ICS) (pilot copilot) Dual controls Emergency Transmit Switch Cyclic stick centering Horizontal Situation Indicator RPM governor selector control Attitude Director Indicator Manual engine torque matching and trim Attitude and Heading Reference Systems (2) Dual Digital Three axis AFCS (2 flight control computers) Cockpit voice recorder provisions Rotor brake Specifications subject to change without notice.  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 12 12 Bell 412EP Production Specification May 2012 6/5/2012 8:37:10 PM Standard Configuration (continued) FLIGHT ENGINE INSTRUMENTS FLIGHT ENGINE INSTRUMENTS (continued) Flight Director Nav Coupler (3-axis) Master warning lights on the instrument panel draw attention to: Free air temperature indicator RPM Pitot static system with electric pitot heat Eng 2 Out Eng 2 Fire Eng 1 Out AL-300 Data Display Eng 1 Fire Baggage Fire Cyclic Radar altimeter #1 Over torque centering Altimeter (barometric) (mast) IFR EQUIPMENT Clock, digital quartz chronometer Co-pilot clock Hourmeter Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) (KDM-706) Magnetic compass, pilot’s standby IFR FAA kit Airspeed indicator Automatic Direction Finder (ADF) (XDF-806) Rate of climb indicator Nav receiver #1 VOR/LOC with HB/HSI (KNR-634) Turn and slip indicator Nav receiver #2 VOR/LOC with HSI (KNR-634) Triple tachometer (rotor and engines) VHF-AM Comm #2 radio (KTR-908) Dual hydraulic press/temp indicator (2) Transponder (MST67) Gas producer tach indicator (2) Co-pilot instruments (FAA) Triple torque indicator (Eng 1, Eng 2, mast) Standby attitude indicator Engine oil-temp/press indicator (2) ELECTRICAL Turbine inlet temperature indicator (2) Generator (2) (30 volt, 200 ampere DC startergenerator derated to 150 amperes) Fuel pressure indicator Transmission oil-temp/press indicator Inverters (2), (450 volt ampere single phase, solid state) Dual DC and AC voltmeters Nickel cadmium battery (40 ampere hours) Dual DC loadmeter Battery over-temp warning Fire detection warning (3) Generator voltage regulators Combining gearbox oil-temp/press indicator Instrument (integral) lights (white) Flight data recorder provisions Navigation lights Caution Warning System Master caution light on panel draws attention to the pedestal mounted annunciator panel when worded segments illuminate: Landing light-retractable Anticollision light (2) Engine oil press (2) DC generator (2) Tritium lighted emergency exit signs Trans oil press Gen overheat (2) Cockpit lights (2) Trans oil temp AC inverter (2) Dome lights (3) Comb box oil press External power External power receptacle Comb box oil temp Battery switch Twin ignition and starting systems Chip detectors (5) Battery temp Seat belt sign Fuel boost (2) Hydraulic Passenger step lights Fuel filter (2) Door locks Baggage compartment light fire sensor Fuel valve (2) Heater Utility cabin lights (removable) Fuel low (2) Part sep off (2) Fuel X feed Rotor brake (2) PAINT Emerg gov manual (2) Caution panel Markings for high visibility M/R blades (white orange) Specifications subject to change without notice. Bell 412EP Product Specification May 2012 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 13 13  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 6/5/2012 8:37:10 PM Standard Configuration (continued) MISCELLANEOUS Covers, tail pipe, turbine air inlet, and pitot tube Flight bag Ground handling wheels, hydraulically activated Manuals: Aircraft log, Engine log, Engine operations, Flight, Maintenance Overhaul Manual, Illustrated Parts Catalog Tie-down assemblies, main rotor tail rotor INTERIOR TRIM Choice of Standard or Utility Interior Trim. Standard; Rigid three-piece headliner in cabin, padded iberglass floor covering, bulkheads, trimmed with cream-colored plastic and color-coordinated vinyl coated fiberglass, cabin doors trimmed with plastic, special soundproofing, seat upholstered with foam and fabric. Selection of fabric colors. Not included in Standard Configuration Weight, increases empty weight 165. 6 pounds (75. 1 kilograms) when installed. Utility; Be ige soundproofing blankets on bulkheads and overhead; doors painted beige, floor painted brown. Included in Standard Configuration Weight (approximately 32. 6 pounds, 914. 8 kilograms). Specifications subject to change without notice. 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 14 14 Bell 412EP Production Specification May 2012 6/5/2012 8:37:10 PM Page Intentionally Left Blank Bell 412EP Product Specification May 2012 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 15 15  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 6/5/2012 8:37:10 PM Optional Accessories [Kits listed below are compatible with the FAA IFR 3-axis / non-EFIS configuration except as individually noted] Additional kits and STC items may be available for factory installation. Please consult sales or contract personnel regarding special needs prior to selection of final configuration. Wt (lb) Wt (kg) Notes 11. 7 5. 3 1, 2 FIXED STEP RIGHT HAND 11. 6 5. 3 1, 2 HEAVY DUTY HIGH SKID GEAR w/o STEPS 18. 5 8. 4 1, 3 HEAVY DUTY HIGH CROSS TUBES FOR EMER. FLOATS 3. 8 1. 7 EMERGENCY FLOATS (provisions) 51. 0 23. 2 EMERGENCY FLOATS /RESERVOIR NOSE 97. 5 44. 2 4 EMERGENCY FLOATS (L. G. w/ FLOATS PWR STEPS) 168. 8 76. 6 1, 4 HEATED WINDSHIELD 9. 8 4. 4 1 EXPANDABLE BOLTS MAIN ROTOR 3. 0 1. 4 FUEL KIT MANIFOLD DRAIN 0. 3 0. 1 Kit Description AIRFRAME FIXED STEP LEFT HAND 9 CELL FUEL SYS 4 -16. 1 -7. 3 SEAT BELT SIGN STD INTR 0. 3 0. 1 SEAT BELT SIGN DLX INTR 0. 3 0. 1 AUX FUEL PROVS 5. 4 . 5 5 AUX FUEL, 16. 3 GAL LH 20. 2 9. 1 5 AUX FUEL, 16. 3 GAL RH 20. 2 9. 1 5 AUX FUEL, 81. 7 GAL LH (REQUIRES REMOVAL OF 2 OUTBOARD-FACING PAX SEATS) 50. 3 22. 8 5 AUX FUEL, 81. 7 GAL RH (REQUIRES REMOVAL OF 2 OUTBOARD-FACING PAX SEATS) 50. 3 22. 8 5 5 INDICATOR, FUEL QTY, AUX FUEL -0. 1 0. 0 TOLERANT FUEL 98. 5 44. 7 EFIS (ELECTRONIC FLIGHT INSTRUMENT SYSTEM) 113. 4 51. 4 1, 6 4-AXIS D DAFCS W/ DUAL FLIGHT DIRECTOR 26. 4 12. 0 7 PRIMUS 700 WEATHER RADAR 49. 1 22. 3 7 PRIMUS 700 WEATHER RADAR W/ EFIS 54. 6 24. 8 7 ENCODING ALTIMETER 0. 1 0. 0 1, 7 RADAR ALTIMETER #2 12. 2 5. 6 7 CABIN PA SYSTEM (NON-EFIS)

Indigenous Voice Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Indigenous Voice Performance - Essay Example   The indigenous voices performances were held at the Washington State University (Washington State University Performing Arts, n.d.). The performers were both indigenous rap and hip hop, artists. They included Supaman, Nataani Means, Yaz and Witko. The aim of these indigenous performances was to celebrate world art. The first artist was Supaman who is member of the Apsaalooke group. He originated from the Crow Reservation in Montana. Supaman was a local American dancer as well as a hip hop performer whose mission was to encourage the youth and educate the public using hopeful songs and culture (Washington State University Performing Arts, n.d.). Supaman performed a song called prayer loop song, which contained a combination of traditional symbols and modern sounds. In the song, Supaman wore a traditional but fancy attire to represent two distinct worlds combining positively. The second artist, Nataani Means is a son of an Indian leader Russell Means.   Nataani Means performed th e radical featuring Russell Means, a song that told true stories of indigenous people living in the United States (Washington State University Performing Arts, n.d.). Nataani Means aim was to show the struggles that the modern indigenous Americans go through.  Ã‚   The third performer was Mike Cliff (Witko) performed a song called alive that addresses issues faced by the Lakota people in the United States. Witko who was originally from Lakota mentioned the judgments and discriminations that the Lakota people face.

Forced medication in mental health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Forced medication in mental health - Essay Example Scholars in the nursing professions have emphasized the inconsistency and contradiction between forced medication or involuntary treatment and components of professional ethical guidelines. Ethical codes usually require freewill or constraint in the part of clients only when threat is probable and imminent. Other scholars firmly oppose this observed contradiction between nursing principles and involuntary treatment; they refer to the right of clients to treatment, not only his/her right to say no to medication, as an essential matter (Freckelton & Lesser, 2003). Yet others argue that taking a stand in this debate draws away the attention of mental health professionals from more crucial issues about the quality of mental health services. Judgments aside, for a large number of mental health professionals, exercising involuntary treatments or forcible medications has become an essential part of their professional obligations. These professionals may frequently admit clients under involu ntary directives or assist court orders for outpatient treatment and medication (Hayes et al., 2007). Numerous professionals are now confronted with the challenge of discussing complicated and problematic decisions with clients who pursue treatment under court orders. Similarly, because forced medication for mental disorder is perhaps as persistent as mental disorder itself, numerous mental health clients with severe and chronic mental disorders will undergo such medication over the course of their disorder (Freckelton & Lesser, 2003). Usually, forced mental health procedures may be given as a ‘crisis stabilization’ type of hospitalization in case of probable threat to the client or to others (Shally-Jensen, 2013, 369). Several states are increasingly implementing outpatient authorized treatment that preferably administers ‘assisted treatment’ (Shally-Jensen, 2013, 369) with additional resources and further implications if treatment procedures are not follo wed. Moral and Ethical Issues of Forced Medication in Mental Health Care Mental disorder can be a dreadful misfortune affecting not just the patient but family members, communities, and the society as well. Numerous mentally ill individuals do not have the capacity to take care of or protect themselves, and they could be a threat to themselves or others. In Canada, custodians or substitutes should make treatment decisions for them. Making treatment decisions for those who have mental disorders raises several moral, ethical, and legal issues (Swartz & Swanson, 2004). Several of the disturbing questions are as follows (Devettere, 2010, 111): Is it moral to place the mentally ill in institutions against their will simply because they might harm themselves or others? Is it moral to force treatment on them, most especially drugs or surgery or shock treatments, against their will? Is their informed consent for treatment truly voluntary if we have made it clear to them that they will be co nfined to an institution if they do not accept the treatment? Mental disorder is an ambiguously defined concept. It includes a broad array of disorder from the fairly mild to severe, and the classifications applied by the American Psychiatric Association are quite broad that health care professionals have great latitude in making a diagnosis of patients’ behavioral patterns (Devettere, 2010, 111). This makes it particularly crucial to take into account the ethical or moral repercussions of involuntary treatment or forced

Organizational Behavior of Cutter Aviation Research Paper

Organizational Behavior of Cutter Aviation - Research Paper Example The research paper "Organizational Behavior of Cutter Aviation" talks about Cutter Aviation, strongest Fixed Base Operator of America that provides aeronautics service to the industry of General Aviation since 1928. It has been a dominant service provider of General Aviation for the United States.Cutter Aviation believes in following the procedures of team building to encourage innovation. It has been providing a training program to all its employees to stimulate innovation. Their aim behind providing these programs is to enhance the skills of its employees, their decision-making ability and communication skills. The training programs have helped the employees to acquire knowledge in achieving their activities. This makes the company develop new innovative products. The organization faces the problem of bureaucracies in developing new strategies. These bureaucracies can be reduced by following two stages: Firstly, identifying the obstacles prevailing in the company and secondly, the company needs to identify the strategies that are required to implement change. Finally, the organization should implement and follow the steps accordingly. However, before implementing any change, the organization should make employees understand the importance of proposing the change. Cutter Aviation has been able to build an environment that is collaboratively supported by all the experts of the organization. The company supports the employees by providing them sufficient resources and training programs.

Unit 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Unit 7 - Essay Example ith the baseline, I will be able to know the progress of the project and provide the manager with detailed, accurate data on the progress of the project. My plan will be to provide the manager with project progress report every Monday after the start of the project detailing the costs used for the week, the work done during the week, and the estimates of project progress for the coming week. The main tools that I will use in the course of reporting to the manager are interim and baseline plans basing on the data from the budget, cost, time, and duration estimates from the project plan. During the start of the financial year a new data management systems was being installed in the company and a colleague and I were tasked with the reporting of the progress of the project by the Management systems team to which I am the manager. Using baseline and interim plans, we were able to give weekly reports to the CEO over the six weeks duration of the project that was very successful. Every Monday morning, we ensured that we delivered a report to the CEO detailing finish date, work completed during the  previous week and present plans for undertaking in the coming week. The project was lauded by the CEO during the managers meeting after the system proved effective in managing the high data flow in the company. Problem solving skills are important for all team members because problem solving skills by all team members increases team productivity at the workplace, aids in avoiding recurrence of problems, and results in professional effectiveness (Butterfield, 2009). When each member has problem solving skills seeking alternative solution is easy, increases the ability to cooperate as a team for the achievement of set goals, aids in understanding the severity of a given problem, and evaluate strategies of using available resources as a team to resolve the problem. When problem solving skills is available on all members and not some it creates a conducive environment for

Analytical Paper-Investment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Analytical -Investment - Research Paper Example With this regard, the possession of adequate resources along with growing trade opportunities in the developing economic prospects of South Africa have been considered as a vital concern for the global companies to increase their investment portfolios. Additionally, the diplomatic association between Kuwait and South Africa signifies growth prospects for both the countries. One of the significant opportunities can be identified as the increasing importance attained by South African mining industry within the world economy. Stating precisely, Kuwait investing in South Africa shall be rewarded with significant opportunities facilitated with continuous development of the host nation. Fundamentally, steered by such developmental opportunities, the Gulf economies have been focused on creating a trade relation with Africa in the recent phenomenon which shall also benefit Kuwait when investing in South African mining industry. ... Therefore, an increasing practice of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is often observed, which enables both the recipient and investor countries to efficiently practice their range of industrial activities. Correspondingly, the discussion of the paper has been emphasized on the emerging trend of FDI and its significance towards improving the present economic and political relation between Kuwait and South Africa. In order to clearly recognize the significance of FDI in the current phenomenon, the paper highlights the major advantages that can be availed by Kuwait through its investment in the South African mining industry. The paper also tends to elaborate on the major motivational factors in South Africa which can facilitate Kuwait to efficiently perform its varied range of trade activities along with support the credibility of both the nations in the present world economy. Focusing on this particular aspect, the paper also recommends few effective measures for Kuwaiti investors when building trade relations with South Africa through direct investment in the mining industry. Introduction The emergence of South African mining industry has been observed as a major resource for the country which enabled it to attract global investors such as Kuwait. The mineral development sector of the country is highly focused on increasing the efficiency of the mining and mineral industry which has enabled the country to experience a radical economic stabilization (South African Embassy, 2013). Although the trade relation between Kuwait and South Africa has recently come into the limelight, these two economies have been into a distinct global trade relation since past few decades. The political relation between

Effects on humans and environment by acid rain Essay

Effects on humans and environment by acid rain - Essay Example Polluted rainfall is also harmful to those who suffer from asthma and those who have breathing difficulty.   It is also proven by scientists that even healthy people can have their lungs destroyed as a result of inhalation of these harmful fapors (Ahmed, 2012; Clark, 2001). Acid rain also affects people and the environment through the soil from which our food is grown. It weakens toxic metals that decomposes and are assimilated into soil. The toxic metals might then be absorbed by water and consumed by animals or vegetation and consequently affects human health upon consumption. It also has effects on our environment particularly in forests; the deposition of the acid leads to degradation of tree plantations by lowering maturity of trees and other plantations, promoting their susceptibility to natural threats like drought, storms, forest fires and insect infestation. It also results to leaching and depletion of natural nutrients in forest soil that in turn loses valuable nutrients like calcium. This affects the sensitivity of the soil with time. On surface waters, acid rain minimizes the survivability of animal life in lakes and streams. It might as well eliminate most of the organisms in these water bodies (Ahmed, 2012; Clark, 2001). Acid rain therefore leads to destruction of plants and kills many organisms that live in ponds and other water bodies. It also has adverse effect on human health. This is so because destruction of the environment by acid rain affects our lives as

Buddhism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Buddhism - Research Paper Example Buddhism is among the few leading religions. This religion started about 2, 600 years ago in India. Sakya is believed to have started it is a prince of the tribe called Siddhartha Gautama (Kozak, 2011). The basic teachings of Buddha came from the time he became enlightened after a certain farmer had beaten his ox in a grazing field. Buddha wondered why the farmer had beaten up his ox and why a living thing like an animal ought to feed on another creature in order to survive (Kozak, 2011). He was able to discover three prominent marks of reality. Everything that exists is due to conversion from one form to another. Nothing new has been formed, or nothing destroyed completely but simply changed (Kozak, 2011). If man destroys something around the environment, he is destroying himself. Buddha was aware of this truth. For this reason, Buddhists did not kill animals (Kozak, 2011). This is a universal truth that he strongly believed. Everything is constantly changing, and this is the reason why there is a different history from the life that is lived now. People and other living things die out and are being replaced by others. The environment also changes from one state to another (Kozak, 2011). He also believes in constant transformation, and the universe, which is stated as karma. Nothing ever takes place in our lives unless we ought to have it. The measure of what we receive either good or bad is exactly what we earn. This is a lesson that teaches individuals to create a bright future (Kozak, 2011). He believes that suffering is common to all. Everyone gets to suffer from life situations that make us unhappy. The reasons for these sufferings are due to people’s ignorance and greed. Every person should enjoy life without being greedy. In order to do this, all the greediness and ignorance should be cut off entirely (Kozak,

Why Culture is Everything for Remote Teams Essay Example for Free

Why Culture is Everything for Remote Teams Essay Earlier this year I participated in a group to plan the Long Service Awards for the NHS. I am going to look at the group dynamics through the Tuckman Guide to Group Dynamics. Each year our NHS trust gives out Long Service Awards to staff who have 20,30 or 40 years service with the NHS. The awards are given out at a celebration buffet by our Chairman and the Executive Directors are in attendance. In order to prepare for the event, the HR assistants come together as a group with the band 4 in charge of the project. This year as part of my development I was in charge of the project. I had to bring the groups together and got through all the tasks from receiving the staff lists, organizing the event to being there on the day to make sure everything runs smoothly. Forming The team met and I explained the process of the Long Service awards, the different stages, and time frames. As a lot of the HRAs where new to the role, a lot of support was needed The HRA’s where each gives the staff for the Divisional Business Unit and the first stage would be to check all the staff on the list for 20,30 40 years services and contact them. I explained that this needs to be completed by the end of January so that numbers could be calculated to order for us to book the Room, Food, Frames, and certificates. Storming The team went back to their relevant DBUs and started to check staff service history and then contact staff. I found that at this time the HRA’s where at different stages. Some of the DBU’s where larger than others and so some HRA’s had more work but when they asked for help from others with less staff, the others would not help which caused conflict and negativity. We met up again to discuss what was happening and to make sure team was working and to see what we could do about the team members who had more work and to talk about more collaboration within the team. Norming We started meeting more and the team members got more involved making suggestions. I delegated out parts of the project. To the team and they were more focused and knew what needed to be done. I delegated out parts of the projects (i.e. checking on the prices of frames, vouchers, rooms, and food to get the best value for money). Performing On the day of the event, we arrived early to set up and make sure that everything arrived on time ticking items of on the checklist as they arrived. The awards were a great success, 120 staff showed up, there were a few issues which we dealt with on the day, where staff at gotten the wrong amount of years but all the staff enjoyed themselves. Adjourning At the end of the event, the executive Director congratulated us saying how everyone had to enjoy themselves. We pack up and went back to the office to sort through the rest of the certificates and vouchers for the staff who had not been able to attend and to talk through what we did that worked and what needed improvement. The major thing that did come out was more communication and meetings at the beginning to make sure the team knew what was expected of them and so help us all work as a team. Whilst the team was working on the Long Service Awards we had a few conflicts with the team. The first was at the beginning when staff that had smaller staff lists would not help those that had the larger lists. I resolved this using the collaborating mode of the Thomas Kilman Instrument, bringing the group back together and talking through the issues. Asking staff who had the capacity to help others. The second was later when we were meeting more often, one of the team did not drive and so it was talking her 1 Â ½ hours each way for meetings. This was resolved by using the compromising mode of the Thomas Kilman instrument by moving the meetings around the footprint of the Trust in the separate DBUs not just at Trust HQ and checking to see if any staff could offer lifts when required.

HP deskjet Essay Example for Free

HP deskjet Essay Case: Hewlett-Packard-Supplying the Deskjet Printer in Europe The DeskJet printer was introduced in 1988 and has become one of Hewlett-Packards (HPs) most successful products. Sales have grown steadily, reaching a level of over 600,000 units in 1990. Unfortunately, inventory growth has tracked sales growth closely. HPs distribution centers are filled with pallets of the DeskJet printer. Worse yet, the organization in Europe claims that inventory levels there need to be raised even further to maintain satisfactory product availability. THE DESKJET SUPPLY CHAIN The network of suppliers, manufacturing sites, distribution centers (DCs), dealers, and customers for the DeskJet product make up the DeskJet supply chain (see Exhibit 17. 14). HP in Vancouver does manufacturing. There are two key stages in the manufacturing process: (1) printed circuit assembly and test (PCAT) and (2) final assembly and test (FAT). PCAT involves the assembly and testing of electronic components (like integrated circuits, read-only memories, and raw printed circuit boards) to make logic boards used in the printer. FAT involves the assembly of other subassemblies (like motors, cables, keypads, plastic chassis, gears, and the printed circuit assemblies from PCAT) to produce a working printer, as well as the final testing of the printer. The components needed for PCAT and FAT are sourced from other HP divisions as well as from external suppliers worldwide. Exhibit 17.14 HP DeskJet Supply Chain Selling the DeskJet in Europe requires customizing the printer to meet the language and power supply requirements of the local countries, a process known as â€Å"localization.† Specifically, the localization of the DeskJet of different countries involves assembling the appropriate power supply module, which reflects the correct voltage requirements (110 or 220) and power cord plug, and packaging it with the working printer and a manual written in the appropriate language. Currently, the final test is done with the actual power supply module included with the printer. Hence, the finished products of the factory are â€Å"localized† versions of the printer destined for all the different countries. For the European Market six different versions are currently produced. These are designated A, AA, AB, AQ, AU, and AY as indicated in the Bills of Materials shown in Exhibit 17.15. Exhibit 17.15 HP DeskJet Bill of Materials The total factory throughput time through the PCAT and FAT stages is about one week. The transportation time from Vancouver to the European DC is five weeks. The long shipment time to Europe is due to ocean transit and the time to clear customs and duties at port of entry. The plant sends a weekly shipment of printers to the DC in Europe. The printer industry is highly competitive. Resellers want to carry as little inventory as possible. Consequently, there has been increasing pressure for HP as a manufacturer to provide high levels of availability at the DC. In response, management has decided to stock the DCs so that a high level of availability is maintained. THE INVENTORY SERVICE CRISIS To limit the amount of inventory throughout the DeskJet supply chain and at the same time provide the high level of service needed has been quite a challenge to Vancouvers management. The manufacturing group has been very successful in reducing the uncertainties caused by delivery to the European DC. Forecasting demand in Europe, though, is a significant problem. It has become common to have product shortages for model demands from some countries, while inventory of other models keeps piling up. In the past, the target inventory levels at the DCs were based on safety stocks that were a result of some judgmental rule of thumb. Specifically, target inventory levels, equal to one-month average sales, were set for each model carried in the DC. Now, however, it seems that the increasing difficulty of getting accurate forecasts means the safety stock rules should be revisited. HP has put together a team of employees to help implement a scientifically based safety stock system that will be responsive to forecast errors and replenishment lead times. They are to recommend a method for calculating appropriate safety stock levels for the various DeskJet models carried in  the European DC. The team has a good sample of demand data that can be used for developing the safety stock methodology (see Exhibit 17.16). HP hopes this new methodology will solve the inventory and service problem.

Leadership Public Health

Leadership Public Health QUALITIES OF A GOOD PUBLIC HEALTH LEADER Definition of leadership What is leadership in public health Difference between Management and leadership Discuss issues/trends related to Healthcare that make Leadership in public health significant (to address and keep up with the trends in healthcare) Governments role Digital divide in the system (ex. Electronic health records) Political social functions Budget (optional)- but since we covered this topic this past week- discretionary budget process covers the public health costs, which is very minimal Qualities of what makes a leader Conclusion PUBLIC HEALTH LEADER QUALITIES OF A GOOD PUBLIC HEALTH LEADER Abstract Leadership skills are different from management skills. While the two are equally important for the success of public health organization, they are different in terms of roles and abilities. Managers are placed in power, whereas leaders are given power by their followers. Leaders also inspire their followers as well the local and national community he/she serves. Recent events have caused public health leaders to take on new roles. CONTINUE†¦ The topic of leadership is one that has been studied and researched for years. Professionals and managers desire it and companies and organizations seek it from their employees. The coveted skill is wanted by all, but possessed by few. What is considered a good leader, or a great leader, is even harder to come by. And the field of public health—a field that changes constantly and evolves quicker than health officials can keep up with—demands great leadership. A good public health leader is defined in many ways and by many skills. It can be argued that any manager can be leader, but the literature and research prove otherwise. There are certain skill-sets that set a good leader apart from the manager. Being knowledgeable in several areas relating public health and management is integral for the success of the public health leader and the organization he/she serves. Equally important are having the personal qualities expected of a leader and being perceived as a leader by the supporting staff. Combining these attributes along with management skills ensures that a leader is prepared for and ahead of the public health curve. Management versus Leadership Being a great leader is demanding, but even more so, is being a good public health leader. Public health is different from other fields because the work itself is always evolving. The target audience, the methods, and the promotional plans are always changing. Managing these tasks is not enough, especially when dealing with an audience that often does not want the information. Work can become redundant and employees and quickly lose interest, stamina, and sense of purpose. This is where a great leader can emerge. One of the key differences in leadership and management is the ability to inspire. Almost anyone can manage or run a task if proper instruction is received. Everything from distributing the work, creating work plans, and managing the budget can be done by a manager. But leaders can inspire people and create a single vision. When staff is truly motivated, the end result is a much better product that involved a united team (Cooper, 1990). In fact, if given a choice, people â€Å"would rather follow a leader than a manager† (McLean, 2005). This notes a clear distinction in favor of the leader, as noted by staff. Ideally, a manager can be a great leader, and some may argue that leadership is one of the roles played by a manager. However, McLean makes another distinction in the leader, suggesting that the leader â€Å"is conferred power from followers that allow him/her to influence their actions† (2005). This means that the leader is given power by those following him, versus the manager who is appointed to the manager role. This power comes with the ability to influence followers and have an effect on their outcome(Peter, 2001). While there are clear differences between management and leadership, it is impossible to say that a successful organization could still exist without the two of them working simultaneously. After all, the above assumes that a great leader can be a great manager. However, great leadership does not come automatically with great management skills. Each role requires a different skill set. Managers are essential to a public health organization for their attention to detail and ability to follow orders and complete tasks in a timely and efficient manner. Leaders are then essential for the motivation and inspiration of supporting staff. As McLeans wraps it up, â€Å"both are essential and both have their place they just have different emphases† (2005). Definition of a Public Health Leader Other than the ability to inspire, the leader is defined by several other abilities. The leader is also influential, and has the ability to attract followers and have them transmit their goal and vision to new potential followers. This is especially important when working with large public health firms and organizations. It is nearly impossible for the leader to individually reach every single person and inspire them directly. Leaders thus depend on followers to inspire others as well. This is where the next definition of a leader is introduced; the ability to be a great mentor as well. Mentoring is a great way to mold someone and teach them the importance of leadership in public health. Novick et al. describe leadership mentoring as â€Å"experience, by the work of insight, by personal growth, and by learning from mentors† (2008, pg. 292). While some may argue that great leaders are born, many great leaders can emerge from the situation they are presented. Gaining experience and learning by following a leaders example are a great way in which new leaders can emerge and benefit by seeing a good leader act before it is their turn to. Thus leadership also involves the skill of making leaders out of others. The public health field also demands that its leaders be influential outside of the organization it immediately serves. One of the most important tasks in public health is the ability to influence your local community and national niche organizations that share similar goals and objectives. This means that a leader in public health must possess the competency of building and keeping ongoing relationships with community organizations (Saleh et al. 2004, pg. 1247). Forming successful partnerships helps an organization reach its goal faster and more efficiently. For this reason, it is imperative that the public health leader be in tune with the goals of its organization in order to partner with the right organizations. At the same time, public health leaders need to be aware of the larger picture. Public health is so grand and it becomes impossible for a leader to be great in every aspect of the field. According to the American Public Health Association, being aware of the larger picture is recognizing ones role in public health, or rather taking â€Å"ownership of ones particular job and having the creativity to do it (2000, pg. 11). This also involves setting appropriate priorities based on the current needs of the organizations. This involves looking at the larger picture, assessing which goals are most important to the future of the organization, and setting priorities to accomplish these goals. Leadership also requires the ability to react to new sudden needs of the public health organization. Clear examples of these are the events of September 11, 2001. These events left public health officials dumbfounded. Almost immediately, officials became aware of how little they were prepared for such a disaster. Leaders were forced to think and react quickly, and soon after there was a surge of new educational opportunities related to emergency preparedness. The same leaders learned to be â€Å"more effective in responding to ever-changing public health challenges† (Saleh et al. 2004, pg. 1246). The role of an effective leader is clearly not easy. While a leader mains role is to inspire a vision and work in others, leaders must also possess a variety or related skills. Therefore, the definition of a public health leader includes the ability to mentor and produce new effective leaders and serve as a leader in both the local and national communities with a same vision. Leaders must also be able to see the grand picture and set timely and relevant priorities, as well as think and react to sudden public health needs( Donald, 1991). Current Trends in Public Health Leadership Using the example of September 11, 2001, it became obvious to officials that there were clear gaps in the system and that current leaders did not all possess the adequate skills for such a disaster. Programs emerged to educate public health leaders about bioterrorism, crises response, and disaster management (Burrell, 2007, pg. 62). These subjects fall outside of the comfort zone for many public health leaders, since much of public health falls within the field of heath, nutrition, environmental health, physical and emotional well-being, and disease prevention. The goal of these programs is to provide formal training in areas that are critical. In fact, several accredited universities have made this effort easier by providing programs relating to homeland security, terrorism, emergency preparedness and related disciplines. Burrell states that such programs help address the â€Å"threats [that] have created a need for all public managers to expand their knowledge and develop new skills† (2007, pg. 63). Several universities, particularly those in the DC area, are now making it easier for public health leaders to receive training in these areas. Qualities of what makes a leader Competence By carrying out preventive medicine and communicable disease control, occupational health, food safety, and disaster response programs a good public health leader exercises a sense of responsibility. This is a good attribute of a public health leader who is able to relate well to the ground in respect to the above issues. By carrying out all the assigned duties and disseminating to the relevant staff within a public officer fulfill all the doubtful acts that responsibility is not being undertaken. The work of a public health leader ranges from various areas and in order to fulfill the required fields he or she had to assign various duties to his colleges. Without a good sense of responsibility, effective work performance will not be put in place which might end up putting the public at risk since poor service deliver y will be delivered .therefore a good public health leader should be one who is able to exercise effective responsibility in a senses that they are able to be judged acc ording to how dissemination of what has been assigned to the m has occurred. A well established focused and self defined health leader should be able to establishes and maintain contact with medical treatment facility and local public health agencies to ensure an integrated public health program flows between all the sectors. The medical sector .without a continuous flow of events service delivery will be impossible which requires that a public health officer should resolve to having good communication skill that enable effective passage of information from one section to another. Courageous As a public health leader, one must emulate courage in order to be decisive person. A good public health leader ought not to be afraid of failure since without this, he or she will not be able to function as a leader. One should have the courage to maintain their convictions or go with a gut instinct. A good public health leader should always admit that a mistake has been committed without hesitation showing how brave one is in the tackling of the environment. Skillful This attribute will be able to ensure that a public health leader lays down corrective mechanism that are able to ascertain aspect which show that he or she is capable of undertaken the task in hand. This will involve showing of skill knowledge and the aptitude by the leader. A well focused skilled leader in the public health sector carries out all the necessary task making his or her colleges follow due to extra ordinary character that he or she will display in managing a given scenario. The matters that concern health are the most complex tasks that a leader might handle since this are real life situation that unless taken seriously into consideration, loss of life might occur. Therefore the leader should be able to tackle the hardest thing that surrounds the immediate environment since he or she has the necessary skill available. The skills can range from practical, mental and technical skills. A good public health leader should emulate good advisory skill which bears in mind on h ow advises will be given out on military public health issues, manning, and training. This is a fundamental aspect that requires great attention. Advising on critical issues requires that one has good counseling skill that enable him or her put into practice what is needed. Influential In the sense that even when carrying out various developments he or she will be able to initiates, nonstop and conduct preventive medicine and communicable disease control programs .being influential requires that one will be able to disseminate all that is required to all the colleges therefore boosting the morale of what is being done. Patience gives clear characteristics of a public health officer who will, be able to clarify all that is needed before acting upon them. For example when the employees are unable to clearly clarify or understand what is being talked about, the public health leader ought to verify it in details and make sure that all the tasks assigned to the are done according to the intended purposes. A good public health leader should embrace loyalty in that he or she should be able to perform mutually to the colleges what seems desirable by all since unless this is emulated ,the same will be fall him making progression in this sector top reduce by a large margin ( Swayne E. 2001). Flexible Having such attributes a public health leader will be able to change from one aspect to the other successfully ensuring that effective measures are put in place to minimize lost efforts. With these qualities a public health leader will be able to adapt to the immediate environment when fluctuations arise .this in reality entails a leader who has the intellectual capabilities of focusing on the prediction of what is to occur. Take an example where an outbreak of a specific epidemic occurs, flexibility of this situation will be determined by the leader. Being resilient will enable the leader to ensure that failure is an opportunity to expand to the real life scenario without fearing what might succumb to them but tackling it with ease with resilience, public health leaders should consider every failure as a step closer to the realization of their dreams. A leader has to lay down good examples to others, taking a role model position .All the people working around and staff members would like to emulate what they see that is positive and that doing this is the person in charge of their affairs. Public health officers should bear this quality such that what is perceived by them to be a right perspective still remains to be so by the other team players. By being a role model the public health officer embraces a sense of confidence which also is gained by the other team players and with this service delivery in highly enhanced. Tackling some issue in the public health sector requires great confidence in the interest of the public sefty.Take a case where gaseous poisonous substances have spilled in the air, the public health sector will have to make appropriate action in the determination of the root cause of this phenomena. To an ordinary person without skills, training and confidence, doing this task will be a great risk to life, however if one is trained, the confidence usually inspired by the trainer who in this case is the leader of the public health sector keeps them going. Conclusion A good public health leader should instigate buoyancy in others and be persistent in a crisis. Though this sector is a tough one to tackle leaders her should embrace one another and come together to solve the relevant problems that exist within the locality. Good listening skill should be developed since communication is a two way traffic, therefore leaders should try as much as possible to be good listeners. In the course of coming up with new ways and means of communicating a smooth flow of events will prevail therefore saving on other irrelevant costs that might occur. Management and leadership should go hand in hand in that though leaders are people are followed by other people through their own choice and managers have to be obeyed; these two disparities have to be merged in order to come up with a formidable action plane that will be able to facilitate smooth flow of events The public health leader has to have the capacity of embracing new talent and nature it. Sincerity and re liability are particularly significant for any good leader embracing realistic goals. By setting goals a good public health leader will be setting avenues that lead to the attainment of the goals. This targets when attained should be credible to the participants who took part in the achieving of results unlike praising the leader. The public health sector being the toughest areas to tackle should be reformed such that there is always the division of labor. This will enhance inventions and innovations which will give out the definition of development through the total commitment and support from the whole team. References Cooper, T. (1990). The Responsible Administrator. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Donald, S (1991). â€Å"Innovative Organizations Require Innovative Managers.† Public Administration Review. 41:5, 507-513. Peter, N. (2001). Leadership: Theory and Practice. Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage. Swayne E. (2001). Leadership and Management, Public Health: Cases and Context, by Sage Publications

Iraq War Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The war waged on Iraq by the United States has been the cause of heated debate all over the world. Many people have opposed the United States attack on Iraq for many viable reasons. Some of these reasons include that it is not in the best interests for the reputation of the United States with the other nations of the global community, it poses an increased threat to United States homeland security, and it will result in many unjust crimes committed by the United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Going to war with Iraq will negatively affect the reputation of the United States with other countries opposing the war. These countries include Germany, France, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Egypt, and Pakistan, to name a few. In order to be a superpower, it entails that the country maintain amicable ties with nations in strategic areas in order to facilitate goodwill and cooperation. By going to war with Iraq, the United States has put a tremendous strain on amicable ties it once had with influential countries like France, Germany, and Egypt which is not good for public relation purposes or for maintaining superpower status. Also, going to war with Iraq has put a tremendous strain on the ties between the United States and many Muslim countries. The vast majority of the Muslim world is vehemently opposed to the war, thereby fueling anger towards the United States, viewing it as unjust and overstepping its bounds. This creates a dark image of the United Sta...

Abraham as the Ideal Man of Faith in The Holy Bible Essay -- Holy Bibl

Abraham as the Ideal Man of Faith The question is frequently asked, â€Å"What does it mean to have faith?† â€Å"What does it mean to be faithful?† The path to righteousness has always been one paved in good faith, and this is a well-known fact. The ideal man of faith, it can be reasoned, would be the man who was the most suitable spiritual companion for God. This would be someone with whom God could speak with, and fulfill his wishes for human beings there within.   God would not simply want a servant, but a friend who would walk through his life with God. This is a hard man to find. One place worshippers of God are always certain to look for an example is the Bible. The Old Testament offers many differing examples of men of faith. Some men of faith closely looked at in the Old Testament are Abraham, Noah, and Job. Abraham can be viewed as the ideal man of faith because his relationship with God exceeded those of Noah and Job. His relationship was ideal in that there was true communication and a mut ual respect. While Noah and Job were men of faith, their relationships were not ideal because Noah did not truly communicate and Job lacked both respect and trust for the Lord. Abraham was God’s chosen â€Å"father of all nations.† He and God shared a relationship that no other man ever shared with God. God says to Abraham: I will make of you a great nation,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And I will bless you;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I will make your name great,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   So that will be your blessing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I will bless those who bless you   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And curse those who curse you.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All the communities of the earth   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ... ...ause he never lacked trust or respect for the Lord. Even when God demanded that Abraham kill his own son, Abraham never once lost any respect or trust. He merely had faith.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The conclusion to be drawn is a fairly easy one. Abraham was the ideal man of faith, due to his upholding of the vital elements of the ideal, as well as the fact that he was the best companion for God. He proved that devotion does not necessarily mean just strict servitude, but that it also means maintaining a relationship on a level that servants cannot. Also, he showed that a mutual respect must be present if a relationship will work, and that trust is required at all times. Faith was never a â€Å"sometimes† thing for Abraham. He took it to the fullest extent at every moment, which is why he was the ideal man of faith. He did everything necessary to be the ideal companion for God.

Math Coursework - The Fencing Problem :: Math Coursework Mathematics

The Fencing Problem Introduction A farmer has exactly 1000 metres of fencing and wants to use it to fence a plot of level land. The farmer was not interested in any specific shape of fencing but demanded that the understated two criteria must be met:  · The perimeter remains fixed at 1000 metres  · It must fence the maximum area of land Different shapes of fence with the same perimeter can cover different areas. The difficulty is finding out which shape would cover the maximum area of land using the fencing with a fixed perimeter. Aim The aim of the investigation is to find out which shape or shapes of fencing will cover the maximum area of land using exactly 1000 metres of fencing material. Prediction I am predicting that the maximum area of land covered will be achieved by using the fencing shapes with the greatest number of sides. Method I made a list of possible different shapes to be investigated and assigned measurements to the sides of the shapes making sure that they fit in within the perimeter of 1000 metres of fencing. I then worked out the areas of each shape using known mathematical formulae and techniques such as Pythagoras' theorem to calculate the sides of right angled triangles; using trigonometrical functions (sine, tangent and cosine) to calculate either angles or sides of triangles constructed. Sometimes there are no known exact formulae for working out the area of certain shapes such as octagon and more complex polygons. In such cases, given shapes are split into shapes that have known formulae for areas and the worked out the areas are added together. Areas of the following shapes were investigated: square, rectangle, kite, parallelogram, equilateral triangle, scalene triangle, isosceles triangle, right-angled triangle, rhombus, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon and octagon. Results The results of the analysis are shown in Table 1 and Fig 1. Table 1 showing the areas for the different shapes formed by using the

African philosophy Essay

In a class there is a learner with low interpersonal skills. The learner is withdrawn and doesn’t seem to be integrating with other learners in class activities. The key point as a teacher is how to encourage the learner to be more self-confident in and out of a classroom environment. The issue for the learner may be behavioural, a home issue or a negative attitude, causing the inability for the learner to work with peers in the classroom. The method of counselling would be applied through African philosophy. The focus placed on the learner by giving him/her a deeper understanding of themselves and to build a sense of community in the classroom. Hopefully this may establish an identity and give the learner the ability to approach life in a holistic manner. The teaching style applied may be contributing to the non-involvement of the learner. An indication would be made to the learner to understand that they cannot exist alone. Thus building a better out-look for the learner thr ough the teachings of African philosophy embodied in the word Ubuntu, which means humanity. African philosophy is focused on a joint well-being of that community. The individual can be Umuntu because of that community. â€Å"No man is an island†. An individual is who they are because of past generations and people around them in that community. African philosophy is about being able to build communities and give people a sense of identity and a sense of belonging. In many ways it encourages individuals within that structure to be humble and also allows one to have a profounder acceptance of ourselves. African Philosophy enables one to enquire about the importance of tradition and the values they equip an individual with. The concept Ubuntu is a focal point in African philosophy, which cannot just be reduced to tradition practices. African philosophy is a technique to adjust one’s life, which is focused on a western way of existence. It enables that individual to simplify the human experience. African philosophy is embodied by religious and moral beliefs of the African people as a continent. By any means this concept shouldn’t be watered down to a simple form. It embodies the views on life and methods or ability to question its own traditions. This philosophy gives us insight on what it is that makes us human beings. Ethno-philosophy contains communal customs, which enables Africans to be Africans. (poems, taboos and  religions). In my mind this is what gives specific cultures their identity and a sense of pride. The questions of who I am and where do I come from, easy to answers. The oral tradition of izithakazelo gives a lot of African people identity and family history. I am who I am because of my community. Henceforth â€Å"Umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu† Sage philosophy is gear for indigenous thinkers, who didn’t have the benefit of modern education although they are thought to be critical thinkers. They are able to use their judgement based on an inborn insight and understanding of their environment. These are the people who question the authority of those in power in specific communities. It allows decision and ideas to be thought out and critical looked at to see what will benefit the community. As a country it is vital we develop critical thinking at all levels of education and society. Allowing us a country to questions ideas, that makes states function. These people specifically in South Africa are thought to be problem causes as they have views which differ from those in authority and communities. The critical thinkers represent those who cannot voice their views because of fear or any other oppression methods. The capacity to scrutinize your surrounding and have the understanding  certain components will not benefit the great community. We continue using methods of western civilization and see the effects they have at higher levels of society and expect them as the norm. If we live in Africa we need to focus upon things that set us apart. African philosophy should be introduced at schools. This would help learners acquire critical thinking skills and give them a sense of community. The principles of African philosophy are also adapted by leaders who have been educated in western philosophy such as empiricism, existentialism and existentialism. Thus as unique African philosophy maybe or can be connected to elements of western teachings. Critical thinking in essences is investigating consistent and suitable understanding of the world. The saying that says information is power, although that information has to be insightful and instil skilful thinking that helps an individual to understand what to believe or how to react. An individual that think  critical is able to inquire by asking the correct questions and is able to logically reason through information. They are then able to reach unfailing and dependable answer about the world and environment. Critical thinkers are able to look for issues that have a great imbalance, ask questions and present answers that may challenge the old ways and systems in place. In general most people are geared to be led and there fore don’t challenge authority figures in their societies. One downfall is those individuals aren’t able to think for themselves and tend to drift with the stream and rely upon those in power. To be a critical thinker gives you the ability to be an individual in society who contributes and has an understanding of what makes the society function. The advantages instilling into individuals is a sense of community and how one should be governed and led. At the core of this philosophy is Ubuntu that focuses on caring, sharing and forgiveness. Humans exist and grow by developing relationships with others. â€Å"I am because you are† Things western may not be suited for all Africans or Africa. The sad case is most Africans have adapted the western life style and the sense of Ubuntu has lost meaning especially with the youth. The disadvantage of the African philosophy is that it doesn’t challenge power structures and is unable to accept women and men as equals. It doesn’t encourage critical thinking and ignores the needs of the individual and accepts cruel superstitious practices. African society tends to have strong beliefs in the natural and supernatural and doesn’t differentiate between the two. (e.g. female circumcision and witch hunts) Bibliography Higgs, P & Smith, J. 2013 reprint. Rethinking our world. Cape Town: Juta. W. Lawrence Neuman. 1997,1994,1991. Social research methods. 160 Gould street, Needham Heights, Ma 02194. Allyn & Bacon.

Air France-KLM as Low-Cost Airline Across Europe Essay

Abstract circulariseline is an slanty industrial in europiuman economy, with the liberalization and deregulation of atomic descend 63an grocery, it is filled by a number of small-sized and whacking-sized skyways, recently, the homunculus of depression jural injury carriers is widely spread from America to europium, the proceeds attracts rivals to adjust pipeline lessons to enter this mart. transmit France-KLM to a fault attempts to aim this dodging. This essay discharge aim PESTEL and stakeholder possibleness, as easily as incarnate accessible accountability (CSR) construct to analyze conventionality surround and proper(postnominal) milieu including customers and suppliers.Main ideas argon bare France-KLM (FK) should adjoin CSR behavior curiously including affectionate and milieual sight to conduct inexpensive schema sort of than yet carry frugal prospect which is short-term pecuniary cognitive operation, beca role it could not bring a sustainable phylogenesis for go with. Further to a greater extent(prenominal), FK should take over executional resilience and strategic resilience downstairs the indecision of dynamic environs, and integrate CSR as a organization culture which go away buy the farm a belligerent advantage. The general surround graspest could reserve reference for an an opposite(prenominal)(prenominal) companies, and abridgment of stakeholder possibleness and CSR sentiment testament regress a guidance for sustainable using of companies. institutionalize France-KLM is induceed by french air passage ( oxygenate France) and Dutch air lane (KLM). It is the Brobdingnagianst airline follow in the world, trance the profit is continually decreasing in Europe inwardly recent 5 familys (Market distinguish 2014). It is positively pursuit a line to maintain belligerent big personal line of creditman in European airline foodstuff. Two largest competitors are Ryanair and EasyJet in Europe who operate low- damage dodge which acquire from Southwest in US, and they rapidly influence market place share. Air France-KLM is planning to use resembling schema to postulate with them.surround is a signifi croupt indicator that influences the operation of product line. It is dynamic and complex, diametrical elements are interconnected and interacted that bring diametric influence for bring in and future activitiesof companies. Analysis of environment ordinarily is split up into macro-environment and micro-environment, they separately cover the general environment and specific related environmental factors much(prenominal) as customers, suppliers and regulators (Kew and Stredwick 2005).As Europe is located in a low valley suffering debtor crisis, naked parentage representative is encouraged to charge up the economy and transfer pretends for judicature. This essay pass on esteem and discuss the low salute system Air France-KLM pull up stakesing adopt, sourcely, it forget analyze the general environment utilize PESTEL weapon, and using Five Forces model and stakeholder theory further render the issue and factors that give the gate function familiarity to succeed in a long term. Especially, it leave behind inform the importance of corporate social responsibility in business operation. Finally, it is to find the opportunities and threats that troupe should notice for future success to combines different factors.Air France-KLM is holding by Air France and KLM which is a Dutch airline, the alliance was make in 2004. The headquarter is located in Paris, and it ac familys the French law. Subsequently, it became the largest airplane play along in terms of revenues in Europe, even over the world. However, the operating(a) profit to Air France-KLM (FK) continually decrease from 2012 (MarketLine 2014). Air France-KLM is exploring another strategy to get in the warlike airline industrial. As BBC reported Alexandre who is CEO of FK claimed political party impart adopt the Low embody carriers (LCCs) strategy to recover and sustain rivalrous position in airline indus accentuate (Clark 2014).environmental circumnavigateest is an inevitable step to help company identify issues, flexibly and innovatively light up paradoxs, withal assist the strategist to reform the decision making go (Kew and Stredwick 2005). The intrinsic and external environment analysis ordain be required in bon ton to explore fitness of strategy indoors the whole business environment and inwrought capabilities in addition, the analysis on competitive structure of industrial environment and stakeholder allow deeply explore the cardinal factors for the sustainable ripening rather than short-term success, especially CSR cin one casept includes social and environmental aspect insteadof simply sparing perspective which presents monetary lucre (Button 2014). FK pull up stakes best on a lower floorstand the opp ortunities and threats under the business environment analysis.The characteristics of Low personify carriers are presented on maximum utilization for facilities and economically provide service that customers themselves need. Usually, it has a elevated pot density, single class configuration, point-to-point services it oft uses second-tier dromes on terms saving (CAPA 2014). It excessively keeps a low maintenance and cultivation address, as well as eases computer programming and takes advantage of bulk purchases to witness discounts from make ups (Budd et al 2014). It generates profits from ancillary revenue such(prenominal) as meal, snack and luggage (Budd et al 2014). This model started from America Southwest air hose in 1978. Nowadays, LCCs as a strategy is widely select in Latin America and Europe. The combining analysis among the environment and characteristics above allow evaluate the low personify strategy of Air France-KLM.PESTEL as a macro-environment analysis tool helps to understand the complex trend of environment. PESTEL includes political, economic, sociological, technological, legitimate and environmental. The analysis concerns the longitudinal and cross-sectional metamorphoses in time line.Firstly, liberalization events in US market signifi commodetly impacted other countries (Fu and Oum, 2014). France has noble liberalized operating environment that modify companies to flexibly run any legal business model, it provides environment that FK buttocks class period low cost strategy instead of the whole service provided with high cost (Budd et al 2014). Liberated market will be an advantage for establishment of business and sum up the market power of company. It is oversized opportunity that companies target expand their ne cardinalrk, as FK is an alliance to share strengthen and risks betwixt French and Dutch airplane company (Fu and Oum, 2014).However, high-degree liberalization inevitably bring bumpy competition . Additionally, the business model of public-private partnership is high-and-mighty the European airlines (Cruz and Marques 2011), especially the privatization process of European airlines is salient, government decreased the stake for business,as French government hold a 16% stake on FK (Stothard and Bryant 2014). As a go away, company will obtain little(prenominal) financial support from government, government is able to bear less risk of deficit.Secondly, to considering economic factors, German and France as primary(a) strength propel the economic recovery of Europe, French government is stepwise putt effort to diagnose economic ills (Barber 2014). European countries still enchant maintained the high unemployment rate since financial crisis occurred in 2008, although it slimly fell in 2014 compared to stand year (Statista 2014). Inflation rate had a hand close to fall in November than that of October, it will be a danger for debtors due to less revenue from sales, inc omes or taxes, and debt problems is serious life force worth is falling as well (BBC Nov 2014).The important social indicators is consumer behavior is gradually changing. The increase number of customers choose the high- revive train for a short move around instead of the airplane as a result of the punctuality and similar price on same time consuming (Dobruszkes 2011). In addition, the strength of unions in this two countries is very high, labour union has tough power such as pilots or crews.The impact of technology is signifi shadowert, as the giving data time is coming (Mark 2014), companies own the large number of data nurture about consumer, which will rapidly rouse the innovation of business, if company can egg on and utilize the meaning of data.For the most important environmental and legal analysis, climate assortment is as one of themes in preliminary G20 conference and future UN conference will hold in 2015, and it will center on on a impudently set of Sustai nable Development goals and emphasize the ten-sided co-operation on a range of racy issues (FT 2014), which implies France should contri hardlye to same goal, and perhaps the more(prenominal)(prenominal) strict regulation will be choose, for example, carbon dioxide emission. Additionally, the terrorism is serious problem airplane companies is facing.In macro-environment, five forces model can identify and analyze thecompetitive structure of industrial environment. Forces in likeness to stakeholders can be discussed upon priority. The opportunities and threats will be identified further.Firstly, the warmth of rivalry is high, the large number of competitors in Europe is divided into two strategic streams, one is the large-size airplane such as Lufthansa and British flight mode which are seeking path to compete in Europe other vocalism group is LCCs including Ryanair and EasyJet. Various business models are emerging under the motivation of liberalized market conditions and g lobalization, airline companies could seek partner including other airlines companies and airports to form net release for enhancing market power additionally, each(prenominal) European country can operate and switch route freely (Fu and Oum, 2014). In contrast, LCCs provide service for customers who have high elasticity for price, it rapidly captured the market share as a result of low switching costs for buyers.To considering smart entrants, 77% small-size companies failed which learn from LCCs to enter market, because the open companies with strong reputation and first mover advantages, and their size do not modify them to urinate the economies of scale (Budd et al 2014).Stakeholder theory claims companies should notice the interests of other groups, not yet do companies focus on the interests of shareowner which is financial performance (Jensen 2001). Customer have highest power and interests for company, company usually prioritize them into first post employees second , managers third, and shareholders last, according to the power structure of interests (Kew and Stredwick 2005).Customers have the most power and the highest interests to organization. From work side and demand side of economic perspective, as the analysis of business environment above shows the supply is over than demand, the number of fragmented airlines is more than customers (Budd et al 2014), so that the bargaining power of buyers is powerful, likewise switching cost is low between airlines. inexpensive strategy of FK is not lucrative in a market with high intensity of rivalry.However, business environment is along indecision and dynamics, the harvest-festival of Euro area will enable companies to earn the financial obtains as economic perspective. In fact, demand-supply economic perspective is narrow, the increase demand of LCCs will lead to cataclysm of the common for suppliers, because suppliers scarce consider the economic returns compared to enters, and plunge them selves into price battle ignoring cling to creation, the more followers will emerge, obtained profits from one unit of input will be gradually decreased with the increasing rivals, and calamity probably occur. So except economic perspective can not achieve success.CSR thoughts will benefits the long-term instruction of companies. It takes account of social and environmental perspective for a sustainable success, maximizing social welfare is an important measure under social perspective, and industrial success is establish on sustainable development (Button 2014). Resources is trammel in the world, when managers make decisions, they should consider to increase the long-run comfort for firm rather than a short-run financial performance including equity, debt and stock. Ryanair cancel safety cards stuck on the back of the seats, the legal proceeding is debatable. It requires ex transpose off by dint of time, also among different constitutions. When companies give up present cos t of a unit for receiving that at some time in the future. As costs of input come from different resources including labour, metropolis or material purchased.The company with CSR can attract and retain talents and establish the smirch image and reputation for companies. The power of suppliers as one force checks inputs, simultaneously, they consist of important stakeholders including suppliers, employees, aircraft manufactures and fuel as well as airports. Firstly, employee as the most important native stakeholder has high bargaining power within industrial. It is reported from BBC, the pilots of FK struck due to the decrement of their salary when low cost strategy adopted (Stothard and Bryant 2014). As above mentioned, company should not save cost from input to create short term profit, it impair the interests of employees, employees will bring less output signal on the contrary, if company can give them more care and welfare, they will create more think of, such ascompany can provide training and single deportment planning to maintain lavish talent pool for future development, employee also will return to company through high quality of services and alter the satisfaction of customers.Setting an adverse example, Foxconn as a large manufacturer adopted military heed to employees and ignored their normal needs for reducing cost, as a result, employee suicide and reputation of company was impaired, similarly talents are not willing to work here under abnormal way. CSR could be employee and employer relationship, while Legal utilization for employee is only the lowest level of CSR, Low cost strategy with CSR should not only obey legal behavior, but also go after ethical, economic and benevolent behavior (Carroll 1991). Aircraft manufacture is another stakeholder group, low cost strategy may squeeze their price and change manufacture process, as FK wants to reduce the weight of seats and increase the intensity of seat.They should co-production wit h them rather than simply ask them to achieve requirement, otherwise, suppliers will be reluctant to change manufacturing process for FK only. For instance, IKEA uses flat-package for products from manufacturing to selling as core competitive advantage, it desires suppliers of china to satisfy the flat-package manufacturing process, it not only help to upgrade production technology, but also provide training course of study for employee (Inge and Claes 2011).IKEA maintains the good relationship with suppliers. These ethical and economic CSR behavior will increase the full-bodiedes of stakeholders, simultaneously, it improves itself production efficiency in value chain. For philanthropic behavior as the highest level, company donates to communities for local better development. Company can collaborate employees to contribute this, such as employee regularly participate volunteering activities for 20 hours each year.Also, as environmental and legal analysis above, CSR perspective can judder the innovation and initiative of company. For low-cost strategy, FK can try to innovate new technology or operational methods, such as the use of biofuels and the improvement of CO2 emission disposing.The last force is the threat of stand in, the prevalence of high speed complain as substitute has advantages for a short route. Especially, for businessgroup, they can use telecommunications on high speed train, and company also spend less on business trip. So the business passengers is decreasing. The noisy and pollution are comparative degree less than airplane. As German carpenters plane adopts corporate with high speed rail to compete with LCCs.Based on analysis above, Air France-KLM (FK) adopt low cost strategy, the opportunities and threats can be identified. Liberalized market environment and rapid privatization process provide a favourable condition for development of new model, while they also achieve a high competitive market. It represents other large-sized c ompany also can adopt this model to enter the market. Also, existed competitors with first mover advantages and rich aim, and high speed train as substitutes whose advantages are salient gradually capture the market share for a short-route trip. The compress of legal environment on CO2 emission and labour union is soggy for operation of FK on low cost strategy. Compared to Ryanair, it ignored the CSR behaviour no consider what level about legal, ethical and philanthropic behaviour. It will be a path for long-term sustainable development for FK.CSR more concern social and environmental value that FK could create, it as a large airline company will explore and represent a new and correct path bearing CSR rather than the short development for financial performance, because it will cause tragedy of the common for the whole society, it will more take account of the interests of stakeholders. In detail, it can use biofuel and decrease the CO2 emission, also maintain good relationship with customers and employee, as well as suppliers. Catching the development of technology, FK should utilize the big data to dig needs of customers to innovate the business model. chthonic the turbulence of terrorism, European countries can corporate together to resist it for the whole society.French domestic CSR constitution as a national competitive advantage will support this business model of FK (France Diplomatie 2014), as investment in CSR while it is knockout to receive profit in short-term, so perhaps FK could reduce the short-term financial pressure from support of government. So the policy of government is consistent with corporate strategy will be helpful. A severalize low-cost strategy could be adopted by FK.CSR can be a culture of company as a competitive advantage to position itself in market, so that it will always stimulate the innovation and learning of organization, and maintain telling human resources management such as attracting and retaining talents. Org anization should consider the knowledge management through technology to advocate CSR concept to every internal and external stakeholders in order to better achieve CSR activities.In addition, FK as one of large-size companies, it has enough experience and strengths to compete with other LCCs, even though they have first mover advantages in terms of reputation and economics of scale. On the other hand, as a large-size company has solid organizational institution and vested implicated group so that the strategy change of organization is not easy. As the growth of Euro area with uncertainty lead to bigger risk FK will face (Cadman and Giles 2014), it indicates FK should concern the operational resilience and strategic resilience, once it suffers the unheralded adversity.In conclusion, under the analysis of complex and dynamic environment, Air France-KLM should adopt a differentiated low cost strategy. The economic and political market environment with high-degree liberalization and privatization will provide conditions for the development of business model, also increase the market competition due to a large number of rivals emerging under deregulation.Ryanair and EasyJet with first mover advantages have captured the large market share, also they have accumulated more experience, but the weakness of rivals and trend of environment such as regulation on CO2 emission and sustainable development indicate FK should bear responsibility to seek another path, which more concern the interests of stakeholders, CSR behaviour and activities to create long-term value such as the use of biofuel. At the same time, FK can integrate CSR as a culture, also a competitive advantage in order to continually motivate itself to innovation and learning, also improve the potency of human resources management.The development of technology will require FK to utilize data to dig needs ofcustomers to innovate the business model in big data time. European countries also need to corporate together to resist it for common society under the turbulence of terrorism. 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